Baadhi ni za serikali, nyingine ni za binafsi, zikiwemo zile za dini na madhehebu mbalimbali.
Ni kwamba kihistoria, nyingi za zamani zilianzishwa na mashirika ya watawa. Kuna mashirika ambayo yaliundwa kwa lengo hilo pekee la kuhudumia wagonjwa kiroho na kimwili, kama yale yaliyoanzishwa na Yohane wa Mungu na Kamili wa Lellis.
Jina linatokana na neno la Kilatinihospes, likiwa na maana ya mgeni, halafu neno hospitium lenye maana ya mapokezi. Ni kwa sababu nyumba za huduma zilikuwa zikipokea wageni wa kila aina, wakiwemo wagonjwa.
Tanbihi
Marejeo
Brockliss, Lawrence, and Colin Jones. "The Hospital in the Enlightenment," in The Medical World of Early Modern France (Oxford UP, 1997), pp. 671–729; covers France 1650–1800
Gorsky, Martin. "The British National Health Service 1948–2008: A Review of the Historiography," Social History of Medicine, Dec 2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, pp 437–460
Harrison, Mar, et al. eds. From Western Medicine to Global Medicine: The Hospital Beyond the West (2008)
Horden, Peregrine. Hospitals and Healing From Antiquity to the Later Middle Ages (2008)
McGrew, Roderick E. Encyclopedia of Medical History (1985)
Porter, Roy. The Hospital in History, with Lindsay Patricia Granshaw (1989) ISBN 978-0-415-00375-9
Risse, Guenter B. Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals (1999), 716pp; world coverage excerpt and text search
Rosenberg, Charles E. The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital System (1995) history to 1920 table of contents and text search
Scheutz, Martin et al. eds. Hospitals and Institutional Care in Medieval and Early Modern Europe (2009)
Wall, Barbra Mann. American Catholic Hospitals: A Century of Changing Markets and Missions (Rutgers University Press, 2011). 238 pp. ISBN 978-0-8135-4940-8
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