Tujuh Keajaiban Dunia Purba
Tujuh Keajaiban Dunia Purba ialah senarai pembinaan klasik yang diberikan oleh pelbagai penulis dalam buku panduan atau puisi yang terkenal di kalangan pelancong Helenik purba.
Walaupun senarai itu, dalam bentuknya sekarang, tidak menstabilkan hingga Renaissance, senarai pertama tujuh keajaiban yang pertama kali dari abad ke-1 SM. Senarai asal mengilhamkan versi yang tidak terhitung sejak zaman, sering menyenaraikan tujuh kemasukan. Daripada Tujuh Keajaiban yang asal, hanya satu—Piramid Besar Giza (juga dikenali sebagai Piramid Khufu, selepas firaun yang membinanya), yang tertua dalam keajaiban kuno-tetap kekal utuh. Patung Raksasa Rhodes, Rumah Api Iskandariah, Makam di Halicarnassus, Kuil Artemis dan Patung Zeus semuanya musnah. Lokasi dan takdir terakhir Taman Tergantung tidak diketahui, dan ada spekulasi bahawa mereka mungkin tidak wujud sama sekali.
Keajaiban
| Nama | Tarikh pembinaan | Pembina | Tarikh kemusnahan | Punca kemusnahan | Lokasi moden |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Great Pyramid of Giza | 2584 – 2561 BC | Egyptians | Masih wujud, majoriti façade hilang | Giza Necropolis, Egypt 29°58′45.03″N 31°08′03.69″E / 29.9791750°N 31.1343583°E | |
| Hanging Gardens of Babylon (existence unresolved) | s. 600 BC (evident) | Babylonians or Assyrians | After 1st century AD | Unknown | Hillah or Nineveh, Iraq 32°32′08″N 44°25′39″E / 32.5355°N 44.4275°E |
| Temple of Artemis at Ephesus | s. 550 BC; and again at 323 BC | Greeks, Lydians | 356 BC (by Herostratus) AD 262 (by the Goths) | Arson by Herostratus, plundering | Near Selçuk, Turkey 37°56′59″N 27°21′50″E / 37.94972°N 27.36389°E |
| Statue of Zeus at Olympia | 466 – 456 BC (temple) 435 BC (statue) | Greeks | 5th – 6th centuries AD | Disassembled and reassembled at Constantinople; later destroyed by fire | Olympia, Greece 37°38′16.3″N 21°37′48″E / 37.637861°N 21.63000°E |
| Mausoleum at Halicarnassus | 351 BC | Greeks, Persians, Carians | 12th – 15th century AD | Earthquakes | Bodrum, Turkey 37°02′16″N 27°25′27″E / 37.0379°N 27.4241°E |
| Colossus of Rhodes | 292 – 280 BC | Greeks | 226 BC | 226 BC Rhodes earthquake | Rhodes, Greece 36°27′04″N 28°13′40″E / 36.45111°N 28.22778°E |
| Lighthouse of Alexandria | s. 280 BC | Greeks, Ptolemaic Egyptians | AD 1303 – 1480 | 1303 Crete earthquake | Alexandria, Egypt 31°12′50″N 29°53′08″E / 31.21389°N 29.88556°E |
Lihat juga
Rujukan
Bacaan lanjut
- Clayton, Peter A., and Martin Price. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. New York: Dorset, 1989.
- Deliyannis, Deborah Mauskopf. “The mausoleum of Theoderic and the Seven Wonders of the World.” Journal of Late Antiquity 3, no. 2 (2010): 365-85.
- D'Epiro, Peter, and Mary Desmond Pinkowish. What Are the Seven Wonders of the World? and 100 Other Great Cultural Lists. New York: Anchor Books/Doubleday, 1988.
- Jordan, Paul. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Harlow, UK: Longman, 2002.
- Mueller, Artur. The seven wonders of the world: Five thousand years of culture and history in the ancient world. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.
- Romer, John, and Elizabeth Romer. The Seven Wonders of the World: A History of the Modern Imagination. 1st American ed. New York: Henry Holt, 1995.
Pautan luar
| Wiki Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Tujuh Keajaiban Dunia Purba |
- How the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Work: The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
- Plants in the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
- Artistic Renditions of the Hanging Gardens and the city of Babylon
- Animation of 3D virtual Hanging Gardens of Babylon
- The Lost Gardens of Babylon Documentary produced by the PBS Series Secrets of the Dead
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