Abubuwan Al'ajabi Bakwai Na Tsohuwar Duniya

Jerin abubuwan al'ajabi bakwai na farko da aka sani sun samo asali ne tun daga karni na 2-1 BC.

Abubuwan Al'ajabi Bakwai na Tsohuwar Duniya
Wonders of the World (en) da seven wonders (en)
Bayanai
Al'ada	Ancient Greece (en)
Ƙasa	Ancient Egypt (en) da Babylon (en)

Yayin da shigarwar ta bambanta a cikin ƙarni, abubuwan al'ajabi bakwai na gargajiya sune Babban Pyramid na Giza, Colossus na Rhodes, Lighthouse na Alexandria, Mausoleum a Halicarnassus, Temple na Artemis, Mutum-mutumi na Zeus a Olympia, da kuma Hanging gardens na Babila. Yin amfani da ƙasashe na zamani, biyu daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi sun kasance a Girka, biyu a Turkiyya, biyu a Masar, ɗaya kuma a Iraki. Daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi guda bakwai, kawai Pyramid na Giza, wanda kuma shine mafi nisa daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi, har yanzu yana nan tsaye, tare da lalata sauran shekaru aru-aru. Akwai muhawarar malamai a kan hakikanin yanayin Hanging gardens, kuma akwai shakka ko sun wanzu.

Cin nasara da Alexander the Great ya yi a yawancin yammacin duniya a karni na 4 BC ya ba wa matafiya na Helenawa damar shiga wayewar Masarawa, Farisa, da Babila. Alamu da abubuwan al'ajabi na ƙasashe daban-daban sun burge kuma sun burge su, waɗannan matafiya suka fara jera abubuwan da suka gani don tunawa da su.

Maimakon "al'ajabi", Helenawa na da sun yi magana game da "theamata" (θεάματα), wanda ke nufin "gani", a wasu kalmomi "abubuwan da za a gani" (Τὰ ἑπτὰ θεάματα τῆς οἰēκουηέέο [οἰēκουέέέο Tà heptà theámata tēs oikoumenēs [gēs] ). Daga baya, an yi amfani da kalmar "abin al'ajabi" ("thaumata" θαύματα, "al'ajabi"). Don haka, lissafin ana nufin ya zama takwaransa na littafin jagororin tafiye-tafiye.

Magana ta farko ga jerin irin waɗannan abubuwan tarihi guda bakwai Diodorus Siculus ne ya ba da shi. The epigrammist Antipater na Sidon, wanda ya rayu a kusa ko kafin 100 BC, ya ba da jerin abubuwan "al'ajabi bakwai" ciki har da shida daga cikin jerin yanzu (musanya ganuwar Babila da Hasumiyar Hasken Iskandariya):

I have gazed on the walls of impregnable Babylon along which chariots may race, and on the Zeus by the banks of the Alpheus, I have seen the hanging gardens, and the Colossus of the Helios, the great man-made mountains of the lofty pyramids, and the gigantic tomb of Mausolus; but when I saw the sacred house of Artemis that towers to the clouds, the others were placed in the shade, for the sun himself has never looked upon its equal outside Olympus.

— Greek Anthology IX.58

 

Wani tsohon marubuci, wanda, watakila a kwai shakka, ya bayyana kansa a matsayin Philo na Byzantium, ya rubuta ɗan gajeren labari mai suna The Seven Sights of the World. Rubutun bai cika ba, ya ɓace shafukansa na ƙarshe. Duk da haka, daga rubutun gabatarwa, zamu iya yanke cewa jerin abubuwan gani guda bakwai daidai sun dace da na Antipater (gabatarwa ya ambaci wurin Halicarnassus, amma shafukan da ke kwatanta abin mamaki na bakwai, mai yiwuwa Mausoleum, sun ɓace).

Tun da farko kuma daga baya ya lissafa ta masanin tarihi Herodotus ( c. 484 BC- c. 425 BC) da mawaƙi Callimachus na Kirene ( c. 305–240 BC), wanda aka keɓe a Gidan Tarihi na Alexandria, ya tsira ne kawai a matsayin nassoshi.

Kolossus na Rhodes shine na ƙarshe na bakwai da aka kammala bayan 280 BC kuma na farko da girgizar ƙasa ta halaka a 226/225 BC. Don haka, duk abubuwan al'ajabi bakwai sun wanzu a lokaci guda da ƙasa da shekaru 60.