Ustaarabu Wa Magharibi

Plato, ambaye pamoja na Sokrates na Aristotle, aliweka msingi wa falsafa ya magharibi.

Mchoro maarufu wa Leonardo da Vinci unaoonyesha umuhimu wa binadamu katika mtazamo wa magharibi kuanzia Renaissance.

The Beatles, bendi lililouza albamu nyingi kuliko yote, linaendelea kuathiri magharibi si upande wa muziki tu.

Kwa kiasi kikubwa ni urithi wa Ugiriki wa Kale, Roma wa Kale, Uyahudi, na utamaduni wa makabila menginelakini hasa wa Ukristo na madhehebu yake ya kwanza, Kanisa Katoliki, pamoja na Makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi.

Baada ya Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti, athari yake imekuwa kubwa pia, hasa Ulaya Kaskazini na makoloni yake, kama yale yaliyounda Marekani, ambayo katika karne ya 20 imeshika uongozi wa dunia na kuzidi kusambaza ustarabu huo.

Tabia yake ya msingi ni kujali na kustawisha akili badala ya kutegemea visasili na mapokeo. Ilikuwa hivyo kuanzia falsafa ya Shule ya Athene, ikaendelea baada ya uenezi wa Ukristo kupitia Teolojia ya Shule, Renaissance, Mapinduzi ya Kisayansi hadi Falsafa ya Mwangaza. Hiyo ilisaidia kutambua tunu kama haki za binadamu, usawa na demokrasia.

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• Pastor, Ludwig von, History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages; Drawn from the Secret Archives of the Vatican and other original sources, 40 vols. St. Louis, B. Herder (1898ff.)
• Walsh, James Joseph, The Popes and Science; the History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time, Fordam University Press, 1908, reprinted 2003, Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 0-7661-3646-9 Reviews: P.462 [4]
• Ankerl, Guy (2000). Coexisting Civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. INUPRESS, Geneva, 119–244. ISBN 2-88155-004-5
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Wiki Commons ina media kuhusu:

Ustaarabu wa magharibi

• An overview of the Western Civilization Archived 24 Oktoba 2021 at the Wayback Machine.

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