Engilani
INgilani (isiNgesi : England, /ˈɪŋɡlənd/) lelinye lamazwe amane ayinxalenye ye -United Kingdom yaseGreat Britain naseNyakatho ye-Ireland, ekuphela kwayo engayi kubumba iziko lolawulo kwaye ingabi norhulumente ozimeleyo.
Yabelana ngemida neSkotlani ukuya emantla kunye neWales ngasentshona, ngelixa ikomkhulu layo yiLondon, ikomkhulu laseUnited Kingdom.
Ijikelezwe kumntla-ntshona kuLwandle lwaseIreland, emazantsi-ntshona kuLwandle lweCeltic, ngasempuma kuLwandle lwaseMantla nakumazantsi yi English Channel, eyahlulahlula kwilizwekazi laseYurophu. INgilani ibandakanya uninzi lommandla osemazantsi kumbindi wesiqithi saseGreat Britain kwaye ineziqithi ezincinci ezingaphezu kwe-100, ezifana ne- Isles of Scilly kunye ne- Isle of Wight .
Ummandla obizwa ngokuba yiNgilani ngoku wawuhlalwa ngamadoda kwasekuqaleni kwePaleolithic ePhakamileyo, kodwa ithatha igama layo kwi- Anglo-Saxons, abemi baseJamani ababehlala eBritani ngexesha le- 5th kunye ne -6th inkulungwane ; INgilani ithatha kwifomu endala ethi Englaland ethetha "uMhlaba wee-Angles" (Latin : Anglia). INgilani yaba lilizwe elimanyeneyo ngo -927 (ebudeni bolawulo lwe-Æthelstan yaseWessex ) kwaye ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-15 yaqalisa ukuba nempembelelo enkulu, kwinkcubeko nakwipolitiki, kwihlabathi liphela. Ulwimi lwesiNgesi, iCawa yaseTshetshi kunye nomthetho wesiNgesi zisisiseko semibutho yamazwe aManyeneyo. Inkqubo yezopolitiko yepalamente yamaNgesi yamkelwe ngokubanzi zezinye izizwe. Ngokuchanekileyo eNgilani, uguquko lwezoshishino lwaqala ngenkulungwane ye-18, luyiguqulela ekubeni lilizwe lokuqala elihambele phambili kwezoshishino ehlabathini. I-English Royal Society yabeka iziseko zenzululwazi yovavanyo yanamhlanje.
Ummandla wamaNgesi ubukhulu becala ubandakanya iinduli eziphantsi namathafa, ngakumbi embindini nakumazantsi eNgilani. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imimandla yeentaba emantla (umzekelo, iintaba zeSithili saseLake, iiPennines kunye neYorkshire Dales) nakumazantsi-ntshona (umzekelo, iDartmoor kunye neCotswolds). ILondon, ikomkhulu laseNgilani, yeyona ndawo inkulu e-United Kingdom. Abemi baseNgilani bamalunga ne-57 yezigidi, malunga ne-84% yabemi bonke base-United Kingdom, kwaye ubukhulu becala bugxile eLondon, eMidlands naseYorkshire. Amadlelo kunye namadlelo afumaneka kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwezixeko ezikhulu.
Ubukumkani baseNgilani bukwaquka iWales, uloyiso olwagqitywa nguKumkani u-Edward I ngo-1282, kodwa umanyano olusemthethweni aluzange lwenzeke de kwangowe-1536. Ngomhla woku-1 kuCanzibe ngo-1707, ngoMthetho weManyano, ubukumkani baseNgilani badibana nobukumkani baseSkotlani benza uBukumkani obutsha beGreat Britain. Ngo-1801 iGreat Britain kunye noBukumkani baseIreland, ngoMthetho wesibini weManyano, zadityaniswa kwiUnited Kingdom yaseGreat Britain naseIreland.
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