This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for books.
This template is used on 16,60,000+ pages, or roughly 471% of all pages. To avoid major disruption and server load, any changes should be tested in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them. |
This template uses Lua: |
{{Cite arXiv}} | arXiv preprints |
---|---|
{{Cite AV media}} | audio and visual media |
{{Cite AV media notes}} | AV media liner notes |
{{Cite bioRxiv}} | bioRxiv preprints |
{{Cite book}} | books and chapters |
{{Cite CiteSeerX}} | CiteSeerX papers |
{{Cite conference}} | conference papers |
{{Cite encyclopedia}} | edited collections |
{{Cite episode}} | radio or TV episodes |
{{Cite interview}} | interviews |
{{Cite journal}} | academic journals |
{{Cite magazine}} | magazines, periodicals |
{{Cite mailing list}} | public mailing lists |
{{Cite map}} | maps |
{{Cite news}} | news articles |
{{Cite newsgroup}} | online newsgroups |
{{Cite podcast}} | podcasts |
{{Cite press release}} | press releases |
{{Cite report}} | reports |
{{Cite serial}} | audio or video serials |
{{Cite sign}} | signs, plaques |
{{Cite speech}} | speeches |
{{Cite ssrn}} | SSRN papers |
{{Cite techreport}} | technical reports |
{{Cite thesis}} | theses |
{{Cite web}} | web sources not covered by the above |
See also | Specific-source templates Wrapper templates |
నియతకాల పత్రికలో వ్యాసపు లింకును చేర్చటానికి {{cite journal}} ఉపయోగించండి. సమావేశ పత్రాలకు లింకు చేర్చటానికి {{cite conference}} వాడండి. సంపాదకత్వ సంకలనాలకు {{cite encyclopedia}} వాడండి. సిద్ధాంత గ్రంథాలు(thesis)కు {{cite thesis}} వాడండి.
Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn=
have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=
, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then the page.
|
{{cite book |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn= |author-link= }} |
|
Parameters | Prerequisites | Brief instructions / notes | Vertical list |
---|---|---|---|
last1 | may also use "last"; for additional authors, "last2", "last3", etc. | {{cite book |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2= |first2= |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |translator-last1= |translator-first1= |translator-link1= |translator-mask1= |date= |year= |orig-year= |chapter= |script-chapter= |trans-chapter= |chapter-url= |chapter-format= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |editor1-mask= |display-editors= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |url= |dead-url= |format= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |issue= |others= |edition= |location= |publisher= |publication-date= |page= |pages= |at= |nopp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |registration= |subscription= |lay-summary= |lay-source= |lay-date= |quote= |name-list-format= |mode= |postscript= |ref= }} | |
first1 | last or last1 | may also use "first"; for additional authors, "first2", "first3", etc. | |
author-link1 | last or last1 | may also use "author-link" | |
author-mask1 | last or last1 | may also use "author-mask" | |
last2 | last1 | ||
first2 | last2 | ||
display-authors | last or last1 | ||
last-author-amp | last or last1 | ||
translator-last1 | may also use "translator-last"; for additional translators, "translator-last2, etc. | ||
translator-first1 | translator-last or translator-last1 | ||
translator-link1 | translator-last or translator-last1 | ||
translator-mask1 | translator-last or translator-last1 | ||
date | |||
year | |||
orig-year | year or date | ||
chapter | This should be the title of the chapter cited. Do not wikilink "chapter" if "chapterurl" is provided | ||
script-chapter | |||
trans-chapter | chapter or script-chapter | ||
chapter-url | chapter or script-chapter | ||
chapter-format | chapter-url | ||
editor1-last | may also use "editor-last" | ||
editor1-first | editor1-last | may also use 'editor-first" | |
editor1-link | editor1-last | may also use "editor-link" | |
editor1-mask | editor1-last | ||
display-editors | |||
title | |||
script-title | |||
trans-title | title or script-title | ||
url | title or script-title | ||
dead-url | |||
format | url | ||
type | |||
series | |||
language | |||
volume | |||
issue | |||
others | |||
edition | Ordinal number | ||
location | publisher | ||
publisher | |||
publication-date | |||
page | choose one: "page", "pages", or "at" | ||
pages | choose one: "page", "pages", or "at". Use when content on multiple pages supports the article text. | ||
at | choose one: "page", "pages", or "at" | ||
nopp | page or pages | set nopp to "yes" to suppress the "p." or "pp." before page numbers | |
arxiv | |||
asin | |||
bibcode | |||
doi | |||
doi-broken-date | doi | ||
isbn | always include ISBN, if one has been assigned | ||
issn | |||
jfm | |||
jstor | |||
lccn | |||
mr | |||
oclc | |||
ol | |||
osti | |||
pmc | |||
pmid | |||
rfc | |||
ssrn | |||
zbl | |||
id | |||
archive-url | archive-date, url | ||
archive-date | archive-url | ||
access-date | url | ||
via | |||
registration | |||
subscription | |||
lay-summary | |||
lay-source | lay-summary | ||
lay-date | lay-summary | ||
quote | |||
name-list-format | vanc to emulate Vancouver style | ||
mode | cs1 or cs2 | ||
postscript | |||
ref | |||
If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column it is a prerequisite for the field to the left. |
Title
{{cite book |title=Mysterious Book}}
Title and year
{{cite book |title=Mysterious Book |date=1901}}
Basic usage (single author)
{{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Joe |author-link=Joe Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs}}
Basic usage (two authors)
{{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |author-link1=Joe Bloggs |last2=Bloggs |first2=Fred |author-link2=Fred Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs}}
Basic usage with url (and access-date) and edition
{{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Joe |author-link=Joe Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs |edition=1st |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |access-date=February 17, 2006}}
Citing a chapter in a book with different authors for different chapters and an editor
{{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Fred |editor-last=Doe |editor-first=John |title=Big Compilation Book with Many Chapters and Distinct Chapter Authors |publisher=Book Publishers |date=January 1, 2001 |pages=100–110 |chapter=Chapter 2: The History of the Bloggs Family |isbn=978-1-234-56789-7}}
Citing a chapter in a book with two joint authors and an editor
{{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |last2=Egg |first2=Fred |editor-last=Doe |editor-first=John |title=Big Book with Many Chapters and Two Co-authors |publisher=Book Publishers |date=January 1, 2001 |orig-year=1st pub. 1986 |pages=100–110 |chapter=Chapter 6: Getting There |chapter-url=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |isbn=978-1-234-56789-7 }}
Three authors, title with a piped wikilink, edition
{{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |author-link1=Joe Bloggs |last2=Smith |first2=John |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |title=[[A Thousand Acres|1000 Acres]] |edition=2nd}}
Complex usage showing effect of using volume parameter and lastauthoramp parameter (without volume and lastauthoramp)
{{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I.S.O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2007 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3}}
Complex usage showing effect of using volume parameter and lastauthoramp parameter (with volume and lastauthoramp)
{{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I.S.O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East |volume=I|publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2007 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3 }}
Date without day, wikilinked title and publisher, pages, edition, location
{{cite book |last1=Cordell |first1=Bruce R. |last2=Grubb |first2=Jeff |last3=Noonan |first3=David |date=September 2001 |title=[[Manual of the Planes]] |edition=3rd |publisher=Wizards of the Coast |location=Renton, Washington |isbn=0-7869-1850-0 |pages=134–137}}
Other language
{{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Jean |date=1974 |title=Livre de Bloggs |edition=1st |language=French |trans-title=Book of Bloggs |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |access-date=February 17, 2006}}
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)Using a DOI
{{cite book |last=Mumford |first=David |author-link=David Mumford |date=1999 |title=The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes: Includes the Michigan Lectures (1974) on Curves and Their Jacobians |edition=2nd |publisher=Springer-Verlag |doi=10.1007/b62130 |isbn=354063293X}}
Using author-mask parameter
{{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I.S.O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2004 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3 }}
{{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I.S.O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Flynn |first2=F.C. |last3=Molony |first3=C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II: The Germans Come to the Help of Their Ally (1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2004 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-66-1 |author-mask=2}}
{{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I.S.O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Flynn |first2=F.C. |last3=Molony |first3=C.J.C. |last4=Gleave |first4=T.P. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=Sir James |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume III: British Fortunes Reach Their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2004 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-67-X |author-mask=2}}
Using display-authors parameter
{{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I.S.O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2004 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |display-authors=1}}
Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata.
As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:|date=27 September 2007
not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)
Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example
, –
, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.
Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.
|periodical=
, |journal=
, |newspaper=
, |magazine=
, |work=
, |website=
, |encyclopedia=
, |encyclopaedia=
, |dictionary=
|chapter=
, |script-chapter=
, |contribution=
, |script-contribution=
, |entry=
, |script-entry=
, |article=
, |script-article=
, |section=
, |script-section=
|title=
, |script-title=
, |book-title=
|publication-place=
, |place=
, |location=
|date=
, |year=
, |publication-date=
|series=
, |version=
|volume=
, |issue=
, |number=
|page=
, |pages=
, |at=
, |quote-page=
, |quote-pages=
|edition=
|publisher=
, |institution=
|url=
, |chapter-url=
, |contribution-url=
, |section-url=
|author-last=
, |author-last#=
, |author#-last=
, |author-surname=
, |author-surname#=
, |author#-surname=
, |last=
, |last#=
, |surname=
, |surname#=
, |author=
, |author#=
, |subject=
, |subject#=
, |host=
, |host#=
|author-first=
, |author-first#=
, |author#-first=
, |author-given=
, |author-given#=
, |author#-given=
, |first=
, |first#=
, |given=
, |given#=
|degree=
|arxiv=
, |bibcode=
, |biorxiv=
, |citeseerx=
, |doi=
, |eissn=
, |eprint=
, |hdl=
, |isbn=
, |issn=
, |jfm=
, |jstor=
, |lccn=
, |message-id=
, |mr=
, |oclc=
, |osti=
, |pmc=
, |pmid=
, |rfc=
, |ssrn=
, |s2cid=
, |zbl=
Deprecated parameter | Replace with | Date |
---|---|---|
|lay-date= | if the source named by these parameters is important to the Wikipedia article, create a cs1|2 template for that source with all of the appropriate bibliographic information | 2021-01-03 |
|lay-format= | ||
|lay-source= | ||
|lay-url= | ||
|transcripturl= | |transcript-url= | 2022-01-22 |
Removed parameter | Replace with | Date |
---|---|---|
|authorfirst= | |author-first= | October 2020 |
|authorfirstn= | |author-firstn= | October 2020 |
|authornfirst= | |authorn-first= | October 2020 |
|authorgiven= | |author-given= | October 2020 |
|authorgivenn= | |author-givenn= | October 2020 |
|authorngiven= | |authorn-given= | October 2020 |
|authorlast= | |author-last= | October 2020 |
|authorlastn= | |author-lastn= | October 2020 |
|authornlast= | |authorn-last= | October 2020 |
|authormask= | |author-mask= | January 2021 |
|authormaskn= | |author-maskn= | January 2021 |
|authornmask= | |authorn-mask= | January 2021 |
|authorsurname= | |author-surname= | October 2020 |
|authorsurnamen= | |author-surnamen= | October 2020 |
|authornsurname= | |authorn-surname= | October 2020 |
|booktitle= | |book-title= | May 2021 |
|chapterurl= | |chapter-url= | May 2021 |
|conferenceurl= | |conference-url= | April 2021 |
|contributionurl= | |contribution-url= | April 2021 |
|deadurl=yes | |url-status=dead | September 2019 |
|dead-url=yes | |url-status=dead | September 2019 |
|displayauthors= | |display-authors= | January 2021 |
|displayeditors= | |display-editors= | October 2020 |
|doi-broken= | |doi-broken-date= | October 2020 |
|doi-inactive-date= | |doi-broken-date= | October 2020 |
|editorfirst= | |editor-first= | October 2020 |
|editorfirstn= | |editor-firstn= | October 2020 |
|editornfirst= | |editorn-first= | October 2020 |
|editorgiven= | |editor-given= | October 2020 |
|editorgivenn= | |editor-givenn= | October 2020 |
|editorngiven= | |editorn-given= | October 2020 |
|editorlast= | |editor-last= | October 2020 |
|editorlastn= | |editor-lastn= | October 2020 |
|editornlast= | |editorn-last= | October 2020 |
|editorlink= | |editor-link= | January 2021 |
|editorlinkn= | |editor-linkn= | January 2021 |
|editornlink= | |editorn-link= | January 2021 |
|editors= | |editor= (one editor) or |editorn= (more than one editor) or |veditors= (for Vancouver style editors). Consider splitting |editorn= into |editor-firstn= and |editor-lastn= , if possible. Consider |editor-maskn= , if annotation is required. | January 2021 |
|editorsurname= | |editor-surname= | October 2020 |
|editorsurnamen= | |editor-surnamen= | October 2020 |
|editornsurname= | |editorn-surname= | October 2020 |
|editormask= | |editor-mask= | October 2020 |
|editormaskn= | |editor-maskn= | October 2020 |
|editornmask= | |editorn-mask= | October 2020 |
|embargo= | |pmc-embargo-date= | October 2020 |
|episodelink= | |episode-link= | May 2021 |
|event-format= | (delete) | January 2021 |
|eventurl= | (delete) | January 2021 |
|event-url= | (delete) | January 2021 |
|ignoreisbnerror= | |isbn=((<isbn>)) | October 2020 |
|ignore-isbn-error= | |isbn=((<isbn>)) | January 2021 |
|interviewerlink= | |interviewer-link= | October 2020 |
|interviewerlinkn= | |interviewer-linkn= | October 2020 |
|interviewernlink= | |interviewern-link= | October 2020 |
|interviewermask= | |interviewer-mask= | October 2020 |
|interviewermaskn= | |interviewer-maskn= | October 2020 |
|interviewernmask= | |interviewern-mask= | October 2020 |
|last-author-amp= | |name-list-style=amp | January 2021 |
|lastauthoramp= | |name-list-style=amp | January 2021 |
|laydate= | |lay-date= | April 2021 |
|laysource= | |lay-source= | April 2021 |
|layurl= | |lay-url= | April 2021 |
|mailinglist= | |mailing-list= | May 2021 |
|mapurl= | |map-url= | May 2021 |
|name-list-format= | |name-list-style= | April 2021 |
|nocat= | |no-tracking= | January 2021 |
|no-cat= | |no-tracking= | October 2020 |
|nopp= | |no-pp= | May 2021 |
|notracking= | |no-tracking= | October 2020 |
|publicationdate= | |publication-date= | May 2021 |
|publicationplace= | |publication-place= | May 2021 |
|registration= | |url-access=registration | January 2020 |
|sectionurl= | |section-url= | April 2021 |
|serieslink= | |series-link= | May 2021 |
|seriesno= | |series-no= | April 2021 |
|seriesnumber= | |series-number= | January 2021 |
|series-separator= | (delete) | October 2020 |
|subjectlink= | |subject-link= | January 2021 |
|subjectlinkn= | |subject-linkn= | January 2021 |
|subjectnlink= | |subjectn-link= | January 2021 |
|subscription= | |url-access=subscription | January 2020 |
|timecaption= | |time-caption= | April 2021 |
|titlelink= | |title-link= | April 2021 |
|transcripturl= | |transcript-url= |
|author=Bono
). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1. |first1=...
|last1=...
|author2=...
.amp
, ampersand
, or &
, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and
, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vanc
displays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last
/first
forms of name parameters.|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
|vauthors=
as described above
... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
newline | [ | ] | | |
---|---|---|---|
space | [ | ] | {{!}} (preferred) |
{{bracket|text}} | | or {{pipe}} – |
none
can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.... |chapter=Tōkyō tawā |script-chapter=ja:東京タワー |trans-chapter=Tokyo Tower ...
Afterword
, Foreword
, Introduction
, or Preface
will display unquoted; any other value will display in quotation marks. The author of the contribution is given in contributor.|language=ru
; |lang=fr, pt-br
; |lang=Russian
; |language=French, Portuguese
. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of వర్గం:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang{{sfn}}
links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. c.
", like this: |date=c. 1900
.
|date=n.d.
created
or updated
date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01
can be added.|date=
, |publication-date=
, |access-date=
, |archive-date=
, etc.) except for |orig-date=
in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}}
or {{use mdy dates}}
template. See those templates' documentation for details.|date=
parameter instead unless both of the following conditions are met: |date=
format is YYYY-MM-DD.CITEREF
disambiguator.|orig-date=First published 1859
or |orig-date=Composed 1904
. As |orig-date=
does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df=
(or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates=
of a {{use dmy dates}}
or {{use mdy dates}}
template), or as used in the |date=
parameter. Alias: orig-yeardmy
– set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;mdy
– as above for month day, year formatymd
– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DDdmy-all
– set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;mdy-all
– as above for month day, year formatymd-all
– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD|edition=2nd
produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.|page=
or |pages=
, but not both. Displays preceded by p.
unless |no-pp=yes
. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12
), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12
to |pages=3{{ndash}}12
. Alias: p.|page=
or |pages=
, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp.
unless |no-pp=yes
. |pages=
without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))
. Alternatively, use |at=
, like this: |at=pp. 3-1–3-15
. Alias: pp. p.
or pp.
notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover
or |pages=passim
.|page=
or |pages=
. Use only one of |page=
, |pages=
, or |at=
.|quote-page=
and |quote-pages=
used in conjunction with |quote=
, see here.#ixzz2rBr3aO94
or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=...
. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn=
or |oclc=
to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message. {{use dmy dates}}
and {{use mdy dates}}
. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.|url-status=live
) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl. {{use dmy dates}}
and {{use mdy dates}}
. Alias: archivedate.|url-status=
parameter should only be included if an |archive-url=
is set (dead links without an archive URL can be marked with {{dead link}}). If |url-status=
is omitted, or is specified with a null value, the default value is |url-status=dead
. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |url-status=live
; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. |url-status=deviated
. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |url-status=unfit
or |url-status=usurped
suppresses display of the original URL (but |url=
and |archive-url=
are still required).URLలు, URI scheme కు అనుగుణంగా మొదలవ్వాలి. http://
, https://
లకు బ్రౌజర్లన్నీ మద్దతిస్తాయి; అయితే, ftp://
, gopher://
, irc://
, ircs://
, mailto:
, news:
లకు ప్లగిన్లు గానీ, లేదా బయటి అప్లికేషను ఏదైనా గానీ అవసరం కావచ్చు. దాన్ని వీలైనంతవరకు నివారించాలి. ప్రస్తుతం IPv6 హోస్ట్లకు మద్దతు లేదు.
ఉల్లేఖన మూసల పరామితుల్లో వాడే URL లలో కొన్ని నిర్దుష్ట క్యారెక్టర్లుంటే, ఆ లింకులను సరిగ్గా చూపించవు. ఆ క్యారెక్టర్లను percent-encoded చెయ్యాలి. ఉదాహరణకు, స్పేసును %20
అని మార్చాలి. URL ను ఎన్కోడింగు చెయ్యాలంటే, క్యారెక్టర్లను కింది విధంగా మార్చాలి:
Character | space | " | ' | < | > | [ | ] | { | | | } |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Encoding | %20 | %22 | %27 | %3C | %3E | %5B | %5D | %7B | %7C | %7D |
Single apostrophe లను ఎన్కోడింగు చెయ్యనక్కరలేదు; అయితే, ఒకటి కంటే ఎక్కువ ఉన్నపుడు ఎన్కోడింగు చెయ్యకపోతే వాటిని వాలు గానీ బొద్దు గానో చూపిస్తుంది. అలాగే Single మీసాల బ్రాకెట్లను ఎన్కోడింగు చెయ్యనక్కరలేదు; అయితే, రెండు ఉన్నపుడూ ఎన్కోడింగు చెయ్యకపోతే దాన్ని మూస ట్రాన్స్క్లూజను లాగా రెండరు చేస్తుంది.
|ref=ID
generates an anchor with the given ID
(the id=
attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID">
HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID
identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv
has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none
. Aliases: none. |id=NCJ 122967
will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}}
to append NCJ 122967 instead.The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822
or |pmc=345678
.
|arxiv=hep-th/9205027
(before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001
(April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001
(since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint.|asin=B00005N5PF
. Aliases: ASIN. ae
, au
, br
, ca
, cn
, de
, es
, fr
, in
, it
, jp
, mx
, nl
, pl
, sa
, se
, sg
, tr
, uk
. Aliases: none.1974AJ.....79..819H
. Aliases: none.10.1101/078733
for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400
for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none.10.1.1.176.341
for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.10.1038/news070508-7
. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.
). Aliases: DOI. |eissn=1557-2986
. Aliases: EISSN. |hdl=20.1000/100
. Aliases: HDL.978-0-8126-9593-9
. Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN. 979-0-9016791-7-7
. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN.|issn=2049-3630
. Aliases: ISSN. |jfm=53.0144.01
. Aliases: JFM.|jstor=3793107
. Aliases: JSTOR.|lccn=79-57364
or |lccn=2004042477
or |lccn=e09001178
. Aliases: LCCN.|mr=630583
. Aliases: MR.|oclc=9355469
. Aliases: OCLC.|ol=7030731M
. Aliases: OL.|osti=4367507
. Aliases: OSTI.|pmc=345678
. Do not include "PMC" in the value. . Aliases: PMC. |pmid=17322060
Aliases: PMID.|rfc=3143
. Aliases: RFC.|sbn=356-02201-3
. Aliases: SBN. |ssrn=1900856
. Aliases: SSRN.|s2cid=37220927
. Aliases: S2CID.|zbl=0472.53010
For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02
use |jfm=35.0387.02
. Aliases: ZBL.In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=
, |eissn=
, |isbn=
, |issn=
, and |sbn=
) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))
). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.
For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access=
parameter.
For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url=
and |title-link=
are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link=
to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc
or |title-link=doi
) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none
).
It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url=
parameter (or |title-link=
) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.
... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
|quote=
. Use either |quote-page=
or |quote-pages=
, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page=
, |pages=
or |at=
. Displays preceded by p.
unless |no-pp=yes
. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12
). Alias: none.|quote=
. Use either |quote-page=
or |quote-pages=
, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages=
or |at=
. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp.
unless |no-pp=yes
is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |quote-pages=
without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))
. Alias: none.|editor-first1=...
|editor-last1=...
|editor2=...
.amp
, ampersand
, or &
, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and
, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vanc
displays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last
/first
forms of name parameters.|veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
|veditors=
, as described aboveThese parameters are deprecated. If the source that they name is important to the Wikipedia article, create a separate cs1|2 template for that source.
|mode=cs1
లో విరామ చిహ్నం చుక్క (.
); అవసరమైన చోట్ల కొన్ని పదాల తొలి అక్షరాలను క్యాపిటలు వాడుతుంది ('Retrieved...'). |mode=cs2
లో, అంశాల మష్య కామా ఉంటుంది (,
); చివరన ఏమీ ఉండదు; కొన్ని పదాల తొలి అక్షరాలను క్యాపిటలు వాడదు ('retrieved...'). ఈ మూసల్లో డిఫాల్టుగా ఉన్న చివరి విరామ చిహ్నాన్ని మార్చాలనుకుంటే postscript ను వాడాలి.{{reflist}}
, <references />
లేదా ఇలాంటి ఇతర మూసలు సృష్టించే జాబితాల్లో వీటిని వాడవద్దు. ఎందుకంటే ఆయా మూలాలను ఏ వరుసలో చూపించాలనే విషయమై వాటికి నియంత్రణ ఉండదు. ఫలానా name కు మాస్కును చేర్చాలని అనుకున్నపుడు మాస్క్ పరామితులకు అంకెను చేర్చవచ్చు (ఉదా: |authorn-mask=
).|display-authors=2
అంటే మొదటి ఇద్దరు ఆథర్లను చూపిస్తుంది. అలాగే, |display-editors=2
అనేది మొదటి ఇద్దరు ఎడిటర్లను చూపిస్తుంది. |display-authors=0
, |display-editors=0
అనేవి, అసలు ఆథర్లు, ఎడిటర్లు ఎవరినీ చూపించని (et al తో సహా ) ప్రత్యేక సందర్భాలు. డిఫాల్టుగా ఆథర్లు, ఎడిటర్లూ అందరినీ చూపిస్తుంది. |display-authors=etal
అనేది ఆథర్లందరినీ చూపిస్తూ చివర్లో et al. అని చూపిస్తుంది. దీని అలియాస్ పరామితులు: లేవు..
); చిహ్నం ఏమీ వద్దనుకుంటే |postscript=none
అని ఇవ్వాలి. |postscript=
ను ఖాళీగా వదిలేసినా ఫలితం ఇదే ఉంటుంది గానీ అది కాస్త సందిగ్ధంగా ఉంటుంది. అదనంగా ఇచ్చిన ఏదైనా పాఠ్యంలో గానీ, లేదా మూసను ఇస్తే అది చూపించే పాఠ్యంలో గానీ చివర ఒకటి కంటే ఎక్కువ విరామ చిహ్నాలుంటే అది ఒక మెయింటెనెన్స్ సందేశాన్ని చూపిస్తుంది. quote ను నిర్వచించి ఉంటే |postscript=
ను పట్టించుకోదు.Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to verifying claims in articles.
Four access levels can be used:
free
: the source is free to read for anyone (from the viewpoint of the provider of the source – could still be blocked by client-side filtering or safeguarding, or distributor-based geoblocking)registration
: a free registration with the provider of the source is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registrationlimited
: there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views, a restriction to certain day or night times, or providing the contents only to certain IP ranges/locales on behalf of the provider of the source) to freely access this source as a wholesubscription
: the source as a whole is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall"), even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without subscriptionAs there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.
Online sources linked by |url=
, |article-url=
, |chapter-url=
, |contribution-url=
, |entry-url=
, |map-url=
, and |section-url=
are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these url-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked as free
.
URL | Access | Allowed keywords |
---|---|---|
|url= | |url-access= | registration limited subscription |
|article-url= | |article-url-access= | |
|chapter-url= | |chapter-url-access= | |
|contribution-url= | |contribution-url-access= | |
|entry-url= | |entry-url-access= | |
|map-url= | |map-url-access= | |
|section-url= | |section-url-access= |
For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:
which renders as:
Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as limited
, registration
, or subscription
.
Identifier | Access | Allowed keywords |
---|---|---|
|bibcode= | |bibcode-access= | free |
|doi= | |doi-access= | |
|hdl= | |hdl-access= | |
|jstor= | |jstor-access= | |
|ol= | |ol-access= | |
|osti= | |osti-access= | |
|s2cid= | |s2cid-access= |
Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:
|arxiv=
|biorxiv=
|citeseerx=
|pmc=
|rfc=
|ssrn=
For embargoed pmc that will become available in the future, see pmc-embargo-date.
See Template:Cite book/TemplateData.
This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.
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This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. See a monthly parameter usage report for Template:Cite book in articles based on its TemplateData. TemplateData for Cite book ఈ మూస, మూలంగా సూచించదలచిన పుస్తకానికి సంబంధించిన పేరు, కర్త వంటి సమాచారాన్ని తీసుకుని ఉల్లేఖనను తయారు చేస్తుంది.
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