動字(英文:verb),又叫動詞,係文法上一類字,描寫動作,現出或者狀態。有啲語文,動字會按時態,態度,情緒,聲調而變形。例如廣東話,做,做緊,做咗,就係呢動變化。有啲語文,會跟人,性別,多寡而變化配合,如英文I have就要對He has等。
動字分爲內動同外動。內動,又叫不及物動詞,指動字,只有起詞,即施動者就够,唔涉及外物,所以叫內動。而外動,又叫及物動詞,唔單止有起詞,重會有止詞,即要埋受動者,涉及外物,所以叫外動。例如,「天下猶未平」,平就係內動,有天下做起詞,唔使止詞。而「禽獸迫人」,迫係外動,除咗有禽獸做起詞,重有人做止詞。
有時外動收嘅唔只一端,咁就會借介字做轉詞,轉介出去。唐文來講,介字有【於】【以】【爲】【與】【自】等。例如,「王如施仁政於民」,施係外動字,仁政係止詞,而民就係轉詞,而用【於】做介字,將仁政轉去民。如果係人或者代字,或者名短,有時會慳埋介字,掉一掉位,將轉詞擺先,例如「子噲不得與人燕」,【與】係外動字,人係轉詞,燕係止詞,查實就係「子噲不得與燕於人」咁意思。
「動字」 曾經唔係指所有動詞,只係指其中一類。
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