ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ನೊಬೆಲ್ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಯು ವಾರ್ಷಿಕವಾಗಿ ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾಧನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ರಾಯಲ್ ಸ್ವೀಡಿಷ್ ಅಕ್ಯಾಡಮಿ ಆಫ್ ಸೈನ್ಸಸ್ ನೀಡುವ ಒಂದು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ.
ಆಲ್ಫ್ರೆಡ್ ನೊಬೆಲ್ ಅವರು ೧೮೯೫ರಲ್ಲಿ ತಮ್ಮ ಉಯಿಲಿನ ಮೂಲಕ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಿದ ೫ ನೊಬೆಲ್ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಇದೂ ಒಂದು.
ಅಣು ಯಂತ್ರದ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಪಥ...
| ವರ್ಷ | ಪುರಸ್ಕೃತರು[A] | ದೇಶ[B] | ಕಾರಣ[C] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1901 |  | ಜಾಕೊಬಸ್ ಹೆನ್ರಿಕಸ್ ವಾಂಟ್ ಹೊಫ್ | ನೆದರ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ಸ್ | "[for his] discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions" |
| 1902 |  | ಹೆರ್ಮನ್ ಎಮಿಲ್ ಫಿಷರ್ | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "[for] his work on sugar and purine syntheses" |
| 1903 |  | ಸ್ವಾಂಟೆ ಅರ್ಹೇನಿಯಸ್ | ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ | "[for] his electrolytic theory of dissociation" |
| 1904 |  | ಸರ್ ವಿಲಿಯಮ್ ರಾಮ್ಸೆ | ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಮ್ | "[for his] discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system" |
| 1905 | .jpg) | ಅಡಾಲ್ಫ್ ವಾನ್ ಬಾಯರ್ | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "[for] the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds" |
| 1906 |  | ಹೆನ್ರಿ ಮೊಯ್ಸಾನ್ | ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ | "[for his] investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for [the] electric furnace called after him" |
| 1907 |  | ಎಡ್ವಾರ್ಡ್ ಬುಕ್ನರ್ | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation" |
| 1908 |  | ಅರ್ನೆಸ್ಟ್ ರುದರ್‌ಫೋರ್ಡ್ | ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಮ್ ನ್ಯೂ ಜೀಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ | "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances" |
| 1909 |  | ವಿಲ್ಹೆಲ್ಮ್ ಓಸ್ಟ್ವಾಲ್ಡ್ | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "[for] his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction" |
| 1910 |  | ಆಟ್ಟೊ ವಾಲ್ಲಾಚ್ | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "[for] his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds" |
| 1911 |  | ಮರಿ ಕ್ಯೂರಿ | ಪೋಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ | "[for] the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element" |
| 1912 | .jpg) | ವಿಕ್ಟರ್ ಗ್ರಿಗ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ | ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ | "for the discovery of the [...] Grignard reagent" |
.jpg) | ಪಾಲ್ ಸಬಾಟಿಯರ್ | ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ | "for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals" | |
| 1913 |  | ಆಲ್ಫ್ರೆಡ್ ವೆರ್ನರ್ | ಸ್ವಿಟ್ಜರ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ | "[for] his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules [...] especially in inorganic chemistry" |
| 1914 |  | ಥೊಯೊಡೊರ್ ವಿಲಿಯಮ್ ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ಸ್ | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ದೇಶ | "[for] his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements" |
| 1915 |  | ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಮಾರ್ಟಿನ್ ವಿಸ್ಟಾಟ್ಟರ್ | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll" |
| 1916 | Not awarded | |||
| 1917 | Not awarded | |||
| 1918 |  | ಫ್ರಿಟ್ಜ್ ಹೇಬರ್ | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements" |
| 1919 | Not awarded | |||
| 1920 |  | ವಾಲ್ಥರ್ ಹರ್ಮನ್ ನರ್ಸ್ಟ್ | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "[for] his work in thermochemistry" |
| 1921 | ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಕ್ ಸಾಡ್ಡಿ | ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes" | |
| 1922 | ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸಿಸ್ ವಿಲಿಯಮ್ ಆಸ್ಟನ್ | ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule" | |
| 1923 |  | ಫ್ರಿಟ್ಜ್ ಪ್ರೆಗ್ಲ್ | ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯ | "for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances" |
| 1924 | Not awarded | |||
| 1925 | ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಅಡಾಲ್ಫ್ ಸಿಗ್ಮಾಂಡಿ | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used" | |
| 1926 | ಥಿಯೊಡೋರ್ ಸ್ವೆಡ್ಬರ್ಗ್ | ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ | "for his work on disperse systems" | |
| 1927 | ಹೆನ್ರಿಕ್ ಒಟ್ಟೊ ವೀಲಂಡ್ | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances" | |
| 1928 | ಅಡಾಲ್ಫ್ ಒಟ್ಟೊ ರೀನ್ಹೋಲ್ಡ್ ವಿಂಡಾಸ್ | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "[for] his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins" | |
| 1929 | Arthur Harden | United Kingdom | "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes" | |
| Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | |||
| 1930 | Hans Fischer | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin" | |
| 1931 | Carl Bosch | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "[for] their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods" | |
| Friedrich Bergius | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | |||
| 1932 |  | Irving Langmuir | United States | "for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry" |
| 1933 | Not awarded | |||
| 1934 |  | Harold Clayton Urey | United States | "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen" |
| 1935 | Frédéric Joliot | France | "[for] their synthesis of new radioactive elements" | |
| Irene Joliot-Curie | France | |||
| 1936 |  | Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye | the Netherlands | "[for his work on] molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases" |
| 1937 | Walter Norman Haworth | United Kingdom | "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C" | |
| Paul Karrer | Switzerland | "for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2" | ||
| 1938 | Richard Kuhn | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins" | |
| 1939 | Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for his work on sex hormones" | |
| Leopold Ruzicka | Switzerland | "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" | ||
| 1940 | Not awarded | |||
| 1941 | Not awarded | |||
| 1942 | Not awarded | |||
| 1943 |  | George de Hevesy | Hungary | "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes" |
| 1944 | Otto Hahn | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei" | |
| 1945 | Artturi Ilmari Virtanen | Finland | "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method" | |
| 1946 | James Batcheller Sumner | United States | "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized" | |
| John Howard Northrop | United States | "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form" | ||
| Wendell Meredith Stanley | United States | |||
| 1947 | Sir Robert Robinson | United Kingdom | "for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids" | |
| 1948 | Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius | Sweden | "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins" | |
| 1949 | William Francis Giauque | United States | "for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures" | |
| 1950 | Otto Paul Hermann Diels | Federal Republic of Germany | "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis" | |
| Kurt Alder | Federal Republic of Germany | |||
| 1951 | Edwin Mattison McMillan | United States | "for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements" | |
| Glenn Theodore Seaborg | United States | |||
| 1952 | Archer John Porter Martin | United Kingdom | "for their invention of partition chromatography" | |
| Richard Laurence Millington Synge | United Kingdom | |||
| 1953 | Hermann Staudinger | Federal Republic of Germany | "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry" | |
| 1954 |  | Linus Carl Pauling | United States | "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances" |
| 1955 | Vincent du Vigneaud | United States | "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone" | |
| 1956 | Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood | United Kingdom | "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions" | |
| Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov | USSR | |||
| 1957 | Lord (Alexander R.) Todd | United Kingdom | "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes" | |
| 1958 |  | Frederick Sanger | United Kingdom | "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin" |
| 1959 | Jaroslav Heyrovský | Czechoslovakia | "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis" | |
| 1960 | Willard Frank Libby | United States | "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science" | |
| 1961 |  | Melvin Calvin | United States | "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants" |
| 1962 | Max Ferdinand Perutz | United Kingdom | "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" | |
 | John Cowdery Kendrew | United Kingdom | ||
| 1963 | Karl Ziegler | Federal Republic of Germany | "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers" | |
| Giulio Natta | Italy | |||
| 1964 | Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin | United Kingdom | "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances" | |
| 1965 | Robert Burns Woodward | United States | "for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis" | |
| 1966 | Robert S. Mulliken | United States | "for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method" | |
| 1967 | Manfred Eigen | Federal Republic of Germany | "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy" | |
| Ronald George Wreyford Norrish | United Kingdom | |||
| George Porter | United Kingdom | |||
| 1968 | Lars Onsager | United States | "for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes" | |
| 1969 | Derek H. R. Barton | United Kingdom | "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry" | |
| Odd Hassel | Norway | |||
| 1970 |  | Luis F. Leloir | Argentina | "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates" |
| 1971 | Gerhard Herzberg | ಕೆನಡಾ | "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals" | |
| 1972 |  | Christian B. Anfinsen | United States | "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation" |
| Stanford Moore | United States | "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule" | ||
| William H. Stein | United States | |||
| 1973 | Ernst Otto Fischer | Federal Republic of Germany | "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds" | |
| Geoffrey Wilkinson | United Kingdom | |||
| 1974 | Paul J. Flory | United States | "for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules" | |
| 1975 | John Warcup Cornforth | Australia United Kingdom | "for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions" | |
| Vladimir Prelog | Switzerland | "for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions" | ||
| 1976 | William N. Lipscomb | United States | "for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding" | |
| 1977 | Ilya Prigogine | Belgium | "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures" | |
| 1978 | Peter D. Mitchell | United Kingdom | "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory" | |
| 1979 | Herbert C. Brown | United States | "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis" | |
| Georg Wittig | Federal Republic of Germany | |||
| 1980 |  | Paul Berg | United States | "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA" |
 | Walter Gilbert | United States | "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" | |
| | Frederick Sanger | United Kingdom | ||
| 1981 | Kenichi Fukui | Japan | "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions" | |
| Roald Hoffmann | United States | |||
| 1982 | Aaron Klug | United Kingdom | "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes" | |
| 1983 | Henry Taube | United States | "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes" | |
| 1984 | Robert Bruce Merrifield | United States | "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix" | |
| 1985 | Herbert A. Hauptman | United States | "for their outstanding achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures" | |
| Jerome Karle | United States | |||
| 1986 |  | Dudley R. Herschbach | United States | "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes" |
| Yuan T. Lee | United States | |||
| John C. Polanyi | Canada | |||
| 1987 | Donald J. Cram | United States | "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity" | |
 | Jean-Marie Lehn | France | ||
| Charles J. Pedersen | United States | |||
| 1988 | Johann Deisenhofer | Federal Republic of Germany | "for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre" | |
 | Robert Huber | Federal Republic of Germany | ||
| Hartmut Michel | Federal Republic of Germany | |||
| 1989 | Sidney Altman | Canada United States | "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" | |
 | Thomas R. Cech | United States | ||
| 1990 | Elias James Corey | United States | "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis" | |
| 1991 | Richard R. Ernst | Switzerland | "for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy" | |
| 1992 |  | Rudolph A. Marcus | United States | "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems" |
| 1993 | Kary B. Mullis | United States | "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method" | |
| Michael Smith | Canada | "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies" | ||
| 1994 | George A. Olah | United States | "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" | |
| 1995 | Paul J. Crutzen | the Netherlands | "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone" | |
| Mario J. Molina | Mario J. Molina | United States | ||
 | F. Sherwood Rowland | United States | ||
| 1996 | Robert F. Curl Jr. | United States | "for their discovery of fullerenes" | |
 | Sir Harold W. Kroto | United Kingdom | ||
| Richard E. Smalley | United States | |||
| 1997 | Paul D. Boyer | United States | "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" | |
| John E. Walker | United Kingdom | |||
| Jens C. Skou | Denmark | "for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase" | ||
| 1998 |  | Walter Kohn | United States | "for his development of the density-functional theory" |
| John A. Pople | United Kingdom | "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry" | ||
| 1999 | Ahmed H. Zewail | Egypt United States | "for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy" | |
| 2000 | Alan J. Heeger | United States | "for their discovery and development of conductive polymers" | |
| Alan G MacDiarmid | United States New Zealand | |||
| Hideki Shirakawa | Japan | |||
| 2001 | William S. Knowles | United States | "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions" | |
 | Ryoji Noyori | Japan | ||
| K. Barry Sharpless | United States | "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions" | ||
| 2002 |  | John B. Fenn | United States | "for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules" |
| Koichi Tanaka | ಜಪಾನ್ | |||
 | Kurt Wüthrich | Switzerland | "for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution" | |
| 2003 | Peter Agre | United States | "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for the discovery of water channels" | |
 | Roderick MacKinnon | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ದೇಶ | "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels" | |
| 2004 |  | Aaron Ciechanover | ಇಸ್ರೇಲ್ | "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" |
 | Avram Hershko | ಇಸ್ರೇಲ್ | ||
 | Irwin Rose | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ದೇಶ | ||
| 2005 | Yves Chauvin | France | "for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis" | |
 | Robert H. Grubbs | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ದೇಶ | ||
| Richard R. Schrock | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ದೇಶ | |||
| 2006 |  | Roger D. Kornberg | United States | "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription" |
| 2007 |  | Gerhard Ertl | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces" |
| 2008 |  | Osamu Shimomura | United States | "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP" |
 | Martin Chalfie | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ದೇಶ | ||
 | Roger Y. Tsien | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ದೇಶ | ||
| 2009 | ವೆಂಕಟರಾಮನ್ ರಾಮಕೃಷ್ಣನ್ | ಭಾರತ, ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಮ್ | "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome" | |
| ಥಾಮಸ್ ಸ್ಟೀಟ್ಜ್ | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ದೇಶ | |||
| ಆಡ ಯೊನಾಥ್ | ಇಸ್ರೇಲ್ | |||
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