Jenasi 7:
Usubi | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Usubi akifyonza damu (Phlebotomus papatasi) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Uainishaji wa kisayansi | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Ngazi za chini | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Usubi (pia kisubi) ni mbu wadogo wa nusufamilia Phlebotominae katika familia Psychodidae na oda Diptera wanaofyonza damu. Spishi nyingi hueneza magonjwa kama vile homa ya usubi na lishmaniasisi. Kuna visubi wengine walio wana wa familia Ceratopogonidae. Visubi hao hufyonza damu pia na kueneza magonjwa. Halafu kuna visubi weusi wa familia Simuliidae ambao hueneza upofu wa mtoni.
Mbu hawa ni wadogo sana, mm 1.5-3. Kwa kawaida rangi yao ni njano lakini nyeupe na kijivu pia. Macho ni meusi. Mwili, miguu na mabawa yamefunikwa kwa manyoya. Wasiporuka usubi hubeba mabawa yakiwa wima.
Chakula cha usubi ni utomvu wa mimea, lakini majike wanahitaji damu ya mamalia, ndege, reptilia au amfibia ili mayai yaendelee. Hutoka usiku na kutafuta mwalishi. Hawatoi sauti kama mbu wa malaria k.m. Wanaweza kutoboa ngozi uchi tu, kwa sababu sehemu fupi za kinywa haziwezi kupitia nguo.
Umuhimu wa usubi ni kuwa vekta za magonjwa mbalimbali yanayosababishwa na protozoa wa jenasi Leishmania na kuitwa lishmaniasisi. Katika Afrika ya Mashariki kuna lishmaniasisi ya ogani za tumbo inayouitwa kala-azar pia. Hapo protozoa hao wanapitishwa na Phlebotomus duboscqi, P. martini na P. pedifer. Usubi wanaweza kueneza vidusia vingine pia, kama vile vinavyosababisha homa ya usubi na homa ya mkwaruzo wa paka.
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