Durrës: Birni a Albaniya

A shekarar 2011, tana da yawan jama'a 175,110.

Durrës
Durrësi (sq)
Wuri
41°18′48″N 19°26′45″E / 41.3133°N 19.4458°E / 41.3133; 19.4458
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Albaniya
County of Albania (en)	Durrës County (en)
Babban birnin	Kingdom of Albania (en) (1272–1368) Durrës District (en) (–1993) Durrës County (en)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	113,249 (2011)
• Yawan mutane	2,445.98 mazaunan/km²
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	46.3 km²
Altitude (en)	0 m
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi	Epidamnos (en)
Muhimman sha'ani	Siege of Dyrrhachium (en)
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Lambar aika saƙo	2000
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	UTC+01:00 UTC+02:00 (en)
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho	052
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	durres.gov.al

Garin yana kan wurin zama na Romawa na Dyrrachium. Bayan 323 BC Epidamnus-Dyrrhachium ya shiga cikin shiga cikin Illyria na Makidoniya a ƙarƙashin Cassander, wanda ya yi karo da Illyrians a ƙarƙashin Glaukias. Wataƙila birnin mai yiwuwa ƙarƙashin ikon Pyrrhus na Epirus a farkon ƙarni na 3 BC.

Kamar yawancin sauran Balkans, Dyrrachium da kewayen Dyrraciensis lardin sun sha wahala sosai daga hare-haren barebari a lokacin Hijira. Theodoric the Great, sarkin Ostrogoths ya kewaye shi a cikin 481, kuma a cikin ƙarni da suka biyo baya dole ne ya kawar da kai hare-hare daga Bulgariawa. Maras tasiri da faduwar Daular Rum ta Yamma ba, birnin ya ci gaba a ƙarƙashin daular Byzantine a matsayin muhimmiyar tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma babbar hanyar haɗi tsakanin Daular da yammacin Turai.

A cikin ƙarni na 11-12, birnin yana da mahimmanci a matsayin ƙarfafa soja da kuma Metropolitan duba maimakon a matsayin babbar cibiyar tattalin arziki kuma bai taba murmurewa marigayi tsohuwar wadata.

A cikin 1205, bayan yaƙin Crusade na huɗu, an mayar da birnin zuwa mulkin Jamhuriyar Venice, wanda ya kafa "Duchy of Durazzo".

A farkon karni na 14, haɗin gwiwar Anjous, Hungariyawa, da Albaniyawa na dangin Thopia ne ke mulkin birnin.

Durrës ya zama batu mai mahimmanci na ciniki tare da Jamhuriyar Venice, musamman a cikin hatsi da man zaitun, kamar yadda karamin jakadan Venetia a birnin ya ruwaito a shekara ta 1769.

Durrës birni ne mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar 'yanci da ƙasar Albaniya a cikin lokutan 1878-1881 da 1910-1912. Ismail Qemali ya ɗaga tutar Albaniya a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 1912 amma Masarautar Sabiya ta mamaye birnin bayan kwanani uku lokacin Yaƙin Balkan na Farko. A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1912 Durrës ya zama gundumar gundumar Durrës ɗaya daga cikin lardunan Masarautar Sabiya wacce aka kafa a ɓangaren ƙasar Albaniya wacce ta mamaye daular Usmaniyya.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Farko, Italiya ta mamaye birnin a cikin 1915 da kuma Austriya-Hungary a cikin 1916-1918.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu, Durrës da sauran Albaniya an mamaye su a cikin Afrilu 1939  kuma an haɗa su zuwa Mulkin Italiya har zuwa 1943, sannan Nazi Jamus  ya mamaya har zuwa kaka 1944.

Gwamnatin Kwaminisanci ta Enver Hoxha ta sake gina birnin cikin hanzari bayan yakin, tare da kafa manyan masana'antu iri-iri a yankin tare da fadada tashar jiragen ruwa.

Bayan rugujewar mulkin gurguzu a 1990, Durrës ya zama abin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan ƙaura daga Albaniya tare da sace jiragen ruwa a tashar jiragen ruwa kuma suka tashi da bindiga zuwa Italiya.

Bayan farkon karni na 21, an sake farfado da Durrës yayin da aka gyara tituna da yawa, yayin da wuraren shakatawa da facade suka fuskanci tashin fuska.

• Durrës
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  Mosaics at a Basilica within the Amphitheatre of Durrës
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  Venetian Tower of Durrës
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  Albanian College of Durrës
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  Church of Saint Asti and Apostle Paul in Durrës
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  Ancient Walls in Durrës
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  Am Amphitheatre of Durrës

• Official website