狹義相對論(粵拼:haap3 ji6 soeng1 deoi3 leon6;英文:special theory of relativity)係由歐拔·愛因斯坦喺20世紀初諗出嚟嘅一個現代物理學理論,集中於分析當時已知嘅物理法則喺物件移動速度接近光速嗰陣點解會唔再啱用:自然現象冚唪唥都係由發生喺時空某啲點當中嘅一連串事件組成嘅;喺古典力學裏面,牛頓將絕對空間想像成永遠唔會郁嘅嘢,以及將時間想像成對全宇宙所有物件都一樣、永遠衹向一個方向前進嘅一個量。但廿世紀初嘅一啲實驗證據顯示,牛頓嗰套係唔掂嘅,於是愛因斯坦就喺 1905 年諗出咗狹義相對論,解釋牛頓嗰套理論解唔掂嘅結果。
狹義相對論之所以係「狹義」,係因為佢查實淨係考慮到「時空係平坦」(時空冇乜曲率;閔考斯基時空)嗰陣嘅特殊情況:根據打後嘅研究,當時空有顯著嘅曲率嗰時,會出現強勁嘅重力,而強勁嘅重力-好似係由黑洞所施嘅重力-會影響狹義相對論嗰柞方程式嘅準確性;因為噉,愛因斯坦喺 1915 年諗出咗廣義相對論(general theory of relativity)-廣義相對論有考慮時空曲率同重力,所以能夠喺時空唔平坦嘅情況下(例如係所分析嘅物件附近有個黑洞)做出準確嘅預測,對於現代天文物理學嚟講不可或缺。
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期刊文章:
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引用
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