機制設計

想像幅附圖：附圖左上角嘅空間 ${\displaystyle \Theta }$ 包含可能採取嘅行動同策略，而右上角嘅空間 X 包含可能嘅報償，${\displaystyle f(\theta )}$ 函數講明每個行動或者策略 ${\displaystyle \theta }$ 嘅相應報償，${\displaystyle M}$ 代表機制設計者向博弈者傳達嘅資訊，${\displaystyle g}$ 代表個博弈環境，均衡狀態 ${\displaystyle \xi (M,g,\theta )}$ 要設計成達到某啲特定嘅 ${\displaystyle f(\theta )}$。

做機制設計嘅步驟大致上如下：

• 定義是次機制設計嘅目的，想要引誘人做出乜行為；
• 由每個個體嘅角度出發，用博弈論思考嗰個個體嘅效益（utility）函數係乜樣，當中可以涉及行為經濟學嘅考量（例：${\displaystyle v=a_{i}(v_{i}+\lambda s)}$ ，${\displaystyle v}$  代表個人做理想行為會得到嘅滿足感，${\displaystyle v_{i}}$  同 ${\displaystyle s}$  等代表已知會影響滿足感嘅因素），得出一個描述個體行為嘅數學模型；
• 運用微積分等嘅數學技術，計吓柞因素（${\displaystyle v_{i}}$  同 ${\displaystyle s}$  等）要設成乜數值，先可以令個人做出理想行為嘅機率最大化（${\displaystyle v}$ ，假設 ${\displaystyle v}$  最大化等如個人會做理想行為嘅機率都最大化）－如果柞因素係政策制定者有權力控制嘅，噉就可以得出一個「要採取乜行動」嘅具體計劃。

• 經濟學
• 博弈論
• 市場設計
• 遊戲設計
• 虛擬經濟

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• Chapter 7 of Fudenberg, Drew; Tirole, Jean (1991), Game Theory, Boston: MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-06141-4. A standard text for graduate game theory.
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• Eric Maskin, "Nobel Prize Lecture" delivered on 8 December 2007 at Aula Magna, Stockholm University.