National Day: Designated date on which celebrations mark the nationhood of a nation
National days are the days which are very special and important for a nation.
A National day is a special day where people celebrate their country or nation each year. Most countries have national days and they are usually a national holiday, where people don't go to work or school. In many countries which used to be colonies, the national day is known as Independence Day because it remembers the day they became independent from their old empire. In other countries like China, the national day remembers when the old government of the country changed to the new one. In the past, the king or emperor's birthdays were often treated as a kind of national day.
Most countries have only one national day each year but some (like India, Bangladesh and Pakistan) have more than one. The different parts of the United Kingdom used to be separate independent nations and still have national days, but the UK does not have one holiday for the whole country apart from the Queen's Official Birthday. (This isn't her real birthday or an official holiday, but a special Saturday to remember her when people are usually already off work anyway.) Denmark is another country that has no official national day.
Chile 18 September (the first Government Junta is created 1810)
China:
Republic 10 October (Double Ten Day, outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising that led to abolishment of monarchy in China and founding of the Republic of China 1911)
Ghana 6 March (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1957)
Gibraltar, United Kingdom 10 September (Gibraltar National Day, people of Gibraltar vote to reject Spanish sovereignty or association 1967)
Greece 25 March (Declaration of independence from Ottoman Empire 1821), 28 October (Ohi Day, rejection of the Italian ultimatum 1940)
Greenland (Denmark) 21 June (Longest Day of the Year) (The national day was introduced in 1983 as one of the Home Rule's traditions and is thus one of several expressions of national identity, which is also reflected in the flag, clothing, national anthem and language)
Grenada 7 February (Independence from the United Kingdom 1974)
Hungary 15 March (1848 Revolution memorial day), 20 August (Saint Stephen's day), 23 October (1956 Revolution memorial day)
I
Iceland 17 June (National Day, founding of republic and dissolution of personal union with Denmark 1944)
India 26 January (Republic Day, becoming the first republic in the British Commonwealth of Nations 1950), 15 August (Independence Day, from the British Empire 1947)
Indonesia 17 August (Proclamation of Independence day, (Hari Proklamasi Kemerdekaan R.I.), from Japan and the Netherlands 1945)
Italy 25 April (Partisans liberate Genoa, Milan and Tourin from German troops in 1945), 2 June (Festa della Repubblica, Italy is voted a republic in 1946 - Giuseppe Garibaldi died on this date in 1882)
J
Jamaica 1st Monday in August (Independence from the United Kingdom 6 August 1962)
Jersey, British Islands 9 May (Liberation Day, the end of the German Occupation of the Channel Islands during World War II 1945)
Jordan 25 May (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1946; the parliament of Transjordan makes Abdullah I of Jordan their king 1946)
K
Kazakhstan 25 October (Republic Day, declared sovereign republic within the USSR 1990)
Kenya 12 December (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1963; Republic Day, (Jamhuri Day), 1964)
Kiribati 12 July (Independence from the United Kingdom in 1979)
North Korea 15 August (liberation from Japanese rule, 1945) 9 September (declaration of the North Korean State, 1948)
South Korea 15 August (both the liberation from Japanese rule, 1945 (Gwangbokjeol) and the declaration of the South Korean state, 1948), 3 October (Gaecheonjeol, the ancient Korea founded in 2333 BC), 1 March (declaration of independence of modern Korea and the March 1st movement, 1919)
Lithuania 16 February (Lithuanian State Reestablishment Day, declaration of independence from Russia and Germany 1918); 6 July (Statehood Day, establishment of the medieval Lithuanian kingdom by Mindaugas in 1253.)
Malawi 6 July (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1964; and Republic Day 1966)
Malaysia 31 August (Hari Merdeka, independence (within the Commonwealth) from the United Kingdom 1957) and 16 September (Malaysia Day, the formation of Malaysia)
Maldives 1st of Rabi' al-awwal, the third month in the Islamic calendar
Malta 31 March (Freedom Day, withdrawal of British troops from Malta 1979), 7 June (Sette Giugno, bread riot of 1919 where 4 Maltese men died), 8 September (Victory Day, victory over the Ottoman Empire in the Great Siege of Malta 1565; Italian government publicly announced agreement to an armistice with the WWII Allies, therefore ending the attacks on Malta by the Italians 1943) 21 September (Independence Day, independence from the United Kingdom 1964), 13 December (Republic Day, republican constitution of 1974, therefore becoming a republic).
Mongolia 11 July (Naadam Holiday, declaration of independence from China 1921; however, Naadam is also celebrated in China by both Han Chinese and Mongols without political attachments)
Montenegro 13 July (recognised as independent at the Congress of Berlin 1878), 21 May (independence on the referendum in 2006)
Mozambique 25 June (Independence from Portugal 1975)
Myanmar 10th day following the full moon of the month of Tazaungmone (beginning of Student led protests against British colonial government in 1920), in late November or December
Palau 9 July (Constitution Day, the world's first nuclear-free constitution 1981; "nuclear-free" dropped in 1994 in order to become an associated state to the United States in the Compact of Free Association)
Poland 3 May (Święto Konstytucji 3 Maja, Constitution Day, 1791), 11 November, (Święto Niepodległości, Independence Day, restoration of independence from Austro-Hungary, Prussia, and Russia in 1918)
Portugal 10 June (Portugal Day, "Day of Camões, Portugal, and the Portuguese Communities", National Poet Luís de Camões dies in 1580)
Puerto Rico 25 July (Constitution Day, establishment of Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 1952. Formerly Invasion Day (1898))
Q
Qatar, 18 December (Official national day Qatar National Day; the assumption of power of Sheikh Jassem bin Mohamed al-Thani in 1878)
Sierra Leone 27 April (Republic Day, independence from the United Kingdom 1961)
Singapore 9 August (National Day), Gained independence from Malaysia 1965)
Slovakia 29 August (Slovak National Uprising Day, start of a Slovak uprising against Nazi Germany 1944), 1 September (Constitution Day, independence from Czechoslovakia 1993)
Slovenia 25 June ((Statehood Day), declaration of independence from Yugoslavia 1991)
Solomon Islands 7 July (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1978)
Somalia 1 July (Foundation of the Republic, from Italy and the formation of Somali Republic 1960)
Swaziland 6 September (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1968)
Sweden 6 June (Gustav Vasa is elected King of Sweden 1523, the constitutions of 1809 and 1974)
Switzerland 1 August (National Day, alliance against the Holy Roman Empire 1291, between Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden)
Syria 17 April (Evacuation Day, from France 1946), 8 March (Independence Day from The Ottoman Empire and declaration of The Arab Kingdom of Syria, the first modern Arab state in 1920)
T
Tajikistan 9 September (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the Soviet Union 1991)
United Arab Emirates 2 December (National Day, formation of federation of seven emirates and independence from the United Kingdom 1971)
United Kingdom does not have a recognized national day (see proposed British national day), although the Queen's Official Birthday (which is declared annually, usually falling on a Saturday in the first half of June) is sometimes considered as such, for example, in British diplomatic institutions overseas. However, the four constituent nations of the UK (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) all have patron saints and each patron saint has a feast day in the calendar of saints of Christianity.
Yemen 22 May (Unity Day/National Day, North and South Yemen are unified as the Republic of Yemen 1990)
Z
Zambia 24 October (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the United Kingdom 1964)
Zimbabwe 18 April (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the United Kingdom 1980; it had previously declared independence as Rhodesia in 1965)
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