Venezuela: Sovereign state in northern South America

Venezuela is a country in northern South America.

Its official name is República Bolivariana de Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela). The official language is Spanish, and the capital is Caracas.

Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela[1]
República Bolivariana de Venezuela  (Spanish)
Coat of arms of Venezuela
Coat of arms
Motto: Ninguno
[None]
Traditional: Dios y Federación
[God and the Federation]
Anthem: Gloria al Bravo Pueblo  (in Spanish)
Glory to the Brave People
Venezuela
Venezuela
Capital
and largest city
Caracas
National languageSpanish[2]
Ethnic groups

Demonym(s)Venezuelan
GovernmentFederal presidential constitutional republic
• President
Disputed
Delcy Rodríguez
Independence
• from Spain
5 July 1811
• from Gran Colombia
13 January 1830
• Recognized
30 March 1845
• Current constitution
20 December 1999
Area
• Total
916,445 km2 (353,841 sq mi) (33rd)
• Water (%)
0.32[3]
Population
• 2011 estimate
27,150.095 (43rd)
• 2001 census
23,054,985
• Density
30.2/km2 (78.2/sq mi) (181st)
GDP (PPP)2010 estimate
• Total
$346.973 billion
• Per capita
$11,889
GDP (nominal)2010 estimate
• Total
$285.214 billion
• Per capita
$9,773
Gini (2010)39
medium
HDI (2011)Increase 0.735
high · 73rd
CurrencyBolívar (VES)
Time zoneUTC– 4 (VET)
Driving sideright
Calling code+58
ISO 3166 codeVE
Internet TLD.ve
^ The "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela" has been the full official title since the adoption of the new Constitution of 1999, when the state was renamed in honor of Simón Bolívar.
^ The Constitution also recognizes all indigenous languages spoken in the country.
^ Area totals include only Venezuelan-administered territory.
Venezuela: People and History, Demographics, Gallery

The country has a wide range of geography including islands in the Caribbean Sea, coastal areas, highlands, and parts of the Andes Mountains. Venezuela is famous for being the home of Angel Falls, the world's tallest waterfall, in the Bolivar state.

Venezuela produces a large amount of oil every year, and it has one of the largest oil supplies in the world. The country has a very large supply of fossil fuels, gasoline, and minerals. Venezuela's economy is based on oil, cotton, cocoa, sugar, coffee, and tobacco.

Some other languages spoken in Venezuela are Carib, Guahibo, Warao, Wayuu, Pemon, and Piaroa. Most people are Roman Catholic at 96%, and a small minority is Protestant at 2%.

People and History

Ancient Venezuelans came from the east, west, south, and north. Christopher Columbus was the first European to enter Venezuela, but there were already people living there for a long time. The Spaniards first conquered Venezuela. Slaves were brought from Africa.

Venezuela's inhabitants are very racially mixed. This comes from the colonial period. When whites (the British, Spaniards, French, etc.) conquered America's territory, they took their black African slaves to America to work. During Venezuela's colonial time, black people did not have any rights. They just worked for food. The native people were taught Roman Catholicism. For a long time, society was headed by white creoles, people in Venezuela who were descended from Spaniards but considered Venezuela home. The other Venezuelan people did not like that, and they started thinking about independence. On July 24, 1823, Venezuela won its independence, led by Simón Bolívar.

Venezuela's modern history was shaped by a number of people, including President Romulo Betancourt, who replaced a military dictatorship with a democracy. By the 1970s, Venezuela had become rich off of oil revenue, but it had problems in the 1980s and 1990s. In 1999 Hugo Chávez became president and tried to remake Venezuela as a socialist state. While popular at first, the economic changes Chavez and the next president, Maduro, passed caused a massive economic depression in the mid-2010s. The current president is disputed.

Demographics

The population of Venezuela is about 28,000,000 people. The ethnic groups of the population are:

  • 65%: multiracial.
  • 21%: European.
  • 10%: African.
  • 3%: Amerindian.

Map

Venezuela: People and History, Demographics, Gallery 
An enlargeable basic map of Venezuela

References

Tags:

Venezuela People and HistoryVenezuela DemographicsVenezuela GalleryVenezuelaCapital (city)CaracasCountryOfficial languageSouth AmericaSpanish language

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