Gibraltar: British Overseas Territory

This means it shares the British King and has the protection of the British Armed Forces. It is in southwest Europe on the Mediterranean Sea. About 32,000 people live there. They are called Gibraltarians.

Gibraltar
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Montis Insignia Calpe" (Latin) "Badge of the Rock of Gibraltar"
Anthem: "God Save the King" (official) "Gibraltar Anthem" (local)
Location of  Gibraltar  (dark green) – on the European continent  (green & dark grey) – in the European Union  (green)
Map of Gibraltar
Status	British Overseas Territory
Capital	Gibraltar 36°8′N 5°21′W / 36.133°N 5.350°W / 36.133; -5.350
Largest district (by population)	Westside
Official languages	English
Spoken languages	English Spanish Llanito
Ethnic groups	Gibraltarian[a] other British Maghrebis South Asians
Demonym(s)	Gibraltarian Llanito (colloquial)
Government	Representative democratic parliamentary dependency under constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Charles III
• Governor	Sir David Steel
• Chief Minister	Fabian Picardo
• Mayor	John Gonçalves
• UK government minister[b]	Wendy Morton MP
Legislature	Parliament
Formation
• Captured	4 August 1704
• Ceded	11 April 1713
• National Day	10 September 1967
• Joined the EEC	1 January 1973[c]
Area
• Total	6.7 km2 (2.6 sq mi)
• Water (%)	0
Population
• 2015 estimate	32,194 (222nd)
• Density	4,328/km2 (11,209.5/sq mi) (5th)
GDP (PPP)	2013 estimate
• Total	£1.64 billion
• Per capita	£50,941 (n/a)
HDI (2015)	0.961 very high · 5th
Currency	Gibraltar pound (£)[d] (GIP)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy
Driving side	right[e]
Calling code	+350[f]
ISO 3166 code	GI
Internet TLD	.gi[g]
^ Of mixed Genoese, Maltese, Portuguese and Spanish descent. ^ Minister of State in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office with responsibility for Europe and the Americas. ^ As a Special Member State territory of the United Kingdom. ^ Coins and sterling notes are issued by the Government of Gibraltar. ^ Unlike all other UK dependencies except the British Indian Ocean Territory, since 16 June 1929. ^ 9567 from Spain before 10 February 2007. ^ The .eu domain is also used, shared with other European Union member states. UK Postcode: GX11 1AA

Gibraltar has always been important as a military base because this is where the Mediterranean Sea narrows to only 14 kilometres (9 miles) at the Strait of Gibraltar. This meant that whichever country controlled Gibraltar could see all ships that came into the Mediterranean Sea.

Gibraltar is most famous for The Rock of Gibraltar, a 426 meter high limestone rock rising out of the sea. The rock can be seen for many miles. It is home to the Barbary Apes, a type of tail-less macaque which are the only wild monkeys in Europe.

Gibraltar was named for a general who led the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. It belonged to Spain between the years 1501 and 1704, and it was captured by a group of Dutch and British marines during the War of the Spanish Succession (1704). In 1713, Spain signed the Treaty of Utrecht. This treaty ended the war and said Gibraltar would be British permanently. However, according to this treaty, if the Crown of Great Britain ever wants to leave the territory, the Crown of Spain will have a prior position in order to claim the sovereignty.

Ever since then, Spain has tried to get Gibraltar back. They attacked the Rock several times in the 18th century. However, since the 1950s, Spain has tried get Gibraltar by diplomacy (international relations) by putting different kinds of pressure and restrictions on the people of Gibraltar.

Gibraltar was very important in World War II. Since it was in such a good position, it was the perfect place for the British army and navy to have its base. In World War II the people living in Gibraltar were taken to different parts of the world like Jamaica so they could be protected from the war and also leave the Rock for the soldiers. The Rock of Gibraltar was used by these soldiers, and long tunnels were made inside it. These tunnels even had a hospital and living areas for the soldiers.

In 1969 Britain gave Gibraltar a new constitution. This meant that it gave the people of Gibraltar a large amount of self-government.

In 2002 the people of Gibraltar were asked to vote whether they wanted Spain to share Gibraltar with the United Kingdom; almost everyone voted and 98.97% said they did not.

In 2006 Gibraltar voted to approve a new constitution which gave full self-government to the people meaning they can independently create their own laws.

In 2006, Spain signed a deal to stop interfering with Gibraltar telephone lines, and daily flights to Madrid started.