Catalonia: Autonomous community and nationality of Spain
Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya; Spanish: Cataluña: Occitan: Catalonha) is a Spanish autonomous community.
It is south of the eastern Pyrenees, and has a northern border with France.
Catalonia | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms | |
| Anthem: Els Segadors (Catalan) "The Reapers" | |
.svg) Location of Catalonia (red) in Spain | |
 Location of Catalonia (dark green) – on the European continent (green & dark grey) | |
| Coordinates: 41°49′N 1°28′E / 41.817°N 1.467°E | |
| Country | Spain |
| Status | Autonomous community (styled as nationality) |
| Formation | 988 (Catalan Counties) 1137 (Union with Aragon) 1283 (Catalan constitutions) 1469 (Union of Castile and Aragon under Catholic Monarchs) 1716 (Nueva Planta decrees) |
| Statute of Autonomy | 9 September 1932 18 September 1979 9 August 2006 (current version) |
| Capital and largest city | Barcelona 41°23′N 2°11′E / 41.383°N 2.183°E |
| Provinces | Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, Tarragona |
| Government | |
| • Type | Devolved government in a constitutional monarchy |
| • Body | Generalitat of Catalonia |
| • President | Pere Aragonès (ERC) |
| • Legislature | Parliament |
| • Congress of Deputies | 48 Deputies (of 350) |
| • Senate | 24 Senators (of 265) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 32,108 km2 (12,397 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 6th in Spain |
| Population (2016) | |
| • Total | 7,522,596 |
| • Rank | 2nd in Spain (16%) |
| • Density | 234/km2 (610/sq mi) |
| Demonyms | Catalan or Catalonian català, -ana (ca) catalán, -ana (es) catalan, -a (oc) |
| GDP (nominal; 2017) | |
| • Total | €224 billion |
| • Per capita | €30,100 |
| GDP (PPP; 2017) | |
| • Total | $343 billion |
| • Per capita | $46,024 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Area code | +34 93 (Barcelona area) +34 97 (rest of Catalonia) |
| ISO 3166 code | ES-CT |
| Official languages | |
| Patron saints | Saint George (Sant Jordi), Virgin of Montserrat |
| HDI (2017) | 0.905 very high · 4th |
| Website | gencat.cat |
Catalonia is made up of four provinces: Barcelona, Tarragona, Girona (Spanish: Gerona) and Lleida (Spanish: Lérida). It has a population of over seven million people. Catalonia has three official languages: Catalan, Spanish and Occitan. The last is spoken in a small region of northern Catalonia that borders France and is known in Occitan as Val d'Aran.
The capital of Catalonia is Barcelona, on the Mediterranean Coast. Between Costa del Garraf and Costa del Maresme, Barcelona very popular in summer for tourists, foreign or national.
The Catalan people have autonomy within Spain and so they have their own local government and their own police and some control over their own community. In September 2005, the Catalan Parliament decided to call Catalonia a 'nation' in the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, which was approved in 2006. According to the Spanish Constitution, Spain is a group of historical nationalities and regions, but that declaration has no judicial status since it only appears in the preamble to the constitution.
On 27 October 2017, Catalonia declared independence from Spain after a vote in Parliament, but that was not recognised by the international community. The Spanish Senate voted in favour of direct rule. It removed the Catalan government and called a snap regional election. The Spanish Supreme Court imprisoned seven former ministers of the Catalan government on charges of rebellion and misuse of public funds. Several others—including then-President Carles Puigdemont—fled to other European countries.
Catalonia is one of Southern Europe's most prosperous regions. Industrialization, especially in the textile industry, began earlier and took place faster than in other Spanish territories. The region is also greener than Southern Spain as it gets more rain, and it has different kinds of crops grown. Catalonia, especially the northern part, is much less hot than the rest of Spain.
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