فاسفورس

فاسفورس (په انگرېزي: Phosphorus) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د P سمبول او ۱۵ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

Phosphorus,  15P
فاسفورس
waxy white (yellow cut), red (granules centre left, chunk centre right), and violet phosphorus
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation /ˈfɒsfərəs/
FOS-fər-əs
AppearanceColourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black
Abundance
in the Earth's crust5.2 (taking silicon as 100)
Phosphorus په دوراني جدول کې
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)
N

P

As
siliconphosphorus → sulfur
اټومي شمیره (Z)15
گروپ, پیریودgroup 15 (pnictogens), period 3
بلاکp-block
Element category  polyatomic nonmetal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 5
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)جامد
Density near r.t.white: 1.823 g·cm−3
red: ≈ 2.2–2.34 g·cm−3
violet: 2.36 g·cm−3
black: 2.69 g/cm3
Heat of fusionwhite: 0.66 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporisationwhite: 51.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacitywhite: 23.824 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressure (white)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 279 307 342 388 453 549
Vapour pressure (red, b.p. 431 °C)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 455 489 529 576 635 704
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3 ​(a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.19
Ionisation energies
  • 1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1907 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radius107±3 pm
Van der Waals radius180 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure ​body-centred cubic (bcc)
Bodycentredcubic crystal structure for phosphorus
Bodycentredcubic crystal structure for phosphorus
د تودوخې تېرېدنهwhite: 0.236 W/(m·K)
black: 12.1 W/(m·K)
Magnetic orderingwhite, red, violet, black: diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)−20.8·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)
Bulk moduluswhite: 5 GPa
red: 11 GPa
CAS Number7723-14-0 (red)
12185-10-3 (white)
History
DiscoveryHennig Brand (1669)
Recognised as an element byAntoine Lavoisier (1777)
Main isotopes of phosphorus
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
31P 100% stable
32P trace 14.28 d β 32S
33P trace 25.3 d β 33S
| references | in Wikidata

مشخصات

هیلیم ډیری ځانګړي ملکیتونه لري: د جوش ټیټ ، ټیټ کثافت ، ټیټ محلولیت ، لوړ حرارتي چالکتیا او غیر فعالیت

تاریخچه

فاسفورس د لومړي ځل لپاره په 1669 کې د آلمان په هامبورګ کې د هینیګ برانډ لخوا رامینځته شوی کله چې هغه تبخیر کړو ادرار او ګرم یې کړی پاتې شونې تر هغه وخته چې سور ګرم وي.. د فاسفورس بخارۍ راوتلې او هغه یې د اوبو لاندې قند کړېاو د 100 کلونو څخه ډیر وخت لپاره ډیری فاسفورس پدې ډول رامینځته شوی.

مرکبات

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