Mdulidwe Wa Amayi

Msinkhu umene munthu wamkazi amachitidwa mdulidwewu umasiyanasiyana, kuyambira pakangopita masiku ochepa mwanayo atabadwa kufika pa nthawi imene watha msinkhu; ndi pa hafu ya miyiko amene chiwerengero cha anthu ake chikudziwika bwino, atsikana ambiri amadulidwa asanakwanitse zaka 5.

Mdulidwe wa amayi

Road sign near Kapchorwa, Uganda, where FGM is outlawed but still practised by the Pokot, Sabiny and Tepeth people.
Description	Partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons
Areas practised	Most common in 27 countries in sub-Saharan and north-east Africa, as well as in Yemen and Iraqi Kurdistan
Numbers	133 million in those countries
Age performed	Weeks after birth to puberty and beyond

Mdulidwewu umachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyananso potengera mtundu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Ena amachotsa gawo chabe kapena kachiwalo konse kooneka ngati nyemba ndiponsokhungu la pamwamba pa kachiwaloka; gawo chabe kapena kachiwalo konse kooneka ngati nyemba ndi milomo yamkati yakumaliseche; ndipo ena amafika pochotsa (milomo yonse yakumaliseche) kapena gawo lake la mkati ndi milomo yakunja ndi khungu lomwe limatseka pa khomo la njira yolowera chida cha abambo. Njira yomaliza ya mdulidweyi, yomwe Bungwe Loona Zaumoyo Padziko Lonse limaitcha Mtundu Wachitatu wa Mdulidwe wa Amayi, amasiya kabowo koti pazitulukira mkodzo ndi magazi pa nthawi yosamba, ndipo njira yolowera chida cha abambo imatsegulidwa kuti chidacho chizilowapo pa nthawi yogonana komanso kuti kuzitulukira mwana pa nthawi yobereka. Mavuto okhudzana ndi umoyo amene amatsatirapo amatengera kwambiri njira imene inagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita mdulidwewo, ndipo ena mwa mavutowo ndi matenda osatherapo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo tomwe talowa pachilondacho, ululu waukulu, matuza, kusathanso kutenga pakati, kukumana ndi mavuto ambiri pobereka, ndiponso kumwalira chifukwa chotaya magazi ambiri.

Mdulidwewu umachitika pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, monga kuona amayi ngati anthu otsika, kufuna kupondereza amayi pa nkhani zogonana, miyamba yokhudza kuyeretsedwa, kudzisunga, ndiponso maonekedwe. Amayi akuluakulu ndi amene nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa mdulidwewu komanso kudula atsikana ndipo amaona kuti munthu akadulidwe amalemekezedwa, komanso amachita izi poopa kuti ngati ana awo aakazi ndiponso adzukulu awo aakazi sadulidwa, ndiye kuti azisalidwa. Amayi ndi atsikana opsa 130 miliyoni anachitidwa mdulidwe m'mayiko 29 amene mdulidwe wa amayi ndi wofala kwambiri. Ndipo amayi ndi atsikana opitirira pa 8 miliyoni anachitidwa mdulidwe wochotseratu gawo la kunja kwa maliseche awo, ndipo ambiri amayi ndi atsikanawa ndi a m'mayiko a Djibouti, Eritrea, Somalia, ndi Sudan.

Mdulidwe wa amayi ndi woletsedwa mwalamulo m'mayiko ambiri amene mdulidwewu umachitika, koma malamulowo satsatiridwa. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1970, mayiko ndi mabungwe padziko lonse lapansi akhala akulimbikitsa anthu kuti asiye kuchita mdulidwe wa amayi, ndipo mu 2012, pa Msonkhano Waukulu wa Bungwe la United Nations, anagwirizana zoti kuchita mdulidwe wa amayi ndi kuphwana ufulu. Komabe pali anthu ena amene akutsutsa zoti mdulidwewu uthetsedwe, makamaka akatswiri oona za chikhalidwe ndi mbiri ya anhu. Eric Silverman analemba kuti nkhani zokhudza mdulidwe wa amayi ndi zimene akatswiriwa akumazikonda kwambiri ndipo zimenezi zachititsa kuti anthu ena aziona kuti kuthetsa mchitidwewu ndi kuphwanya ufulu ndi chikhalidwe cha mitundu ina ya anthu, ena ayamba kuona kuti mchitidwewu ndi wovomerezeka ndipo munthu aliyense ali ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe wochita mdulidwewu.