അവ ആളകളുമായി (family Sternidae) ഏറ്റവും അടുത്ത ബന്ധം പുലർത്തുന്നവയാണ്. ഓക്ക് പക്ഷികളും സ്കിമ്മേഴ്സുമായി വിദൂരമായും വേഡർ പക്ഷികളുമായി കൂടുതൽ വിദൂരമായും ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഇരുപത്തിയൊന്നാം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് വരെ, ലാറസ് ജീനസിലാണ് കടൽക്കാക്കകളുടെ മിക്ക സ്പീഷീസുകളും സ്ഥാപിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നത്. എന്നാൽ ഈ ക്രമീകരണം ഇപ്പോൾ പോളിഫൈലെറ്റിക് ആയി കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്നു, ഇത് പല ജീനസുകളുടെയും പുനരുത്ഥാനത്തിലേക്ക് നയിച്ചു.
Flying subadult silver gulls at Kiama beach, Sydney during Christmas 2013 സ്പീഷീസുകളുടെ പട്ടിക
Gulls acquire food from humans both through handouts and theft This is a list of gull species, presented in taxonomic sequence.
Sabine's gull is the only species in the genus Xema American herring gull eating a sea star ഐവറി ഗൾ Gull attacking a coot – this gull is probably going after the bread or other food item in the bill of this American coot, though great black-backed gulls are known to kill and eat coots Lesser black-backed gulls in a feeding frenzy Juvenile ring-billed gull at Sandy Hook, New Jersey Yellow-legged gull at Essaouira, Morocco Genus Larus
Pacific gull, Larus pacificus Belcher's gull, Larus belcheri Olrog's gull, Larus atlanticus Black-tailed gull, Larus crassirostris Heermann's gull, Larus heermanni Common gull or mew gull, Larus canus Ring-billed gull, Larus delawarensis California gull, Larus californicus Great black-backed gull, Larus marinus Kelp gull, Larus dominicanus (called "southern black-backed gull" or "karoro " in New Zealand) Cape gull, Larus dominicanus vetula Glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens Western gull, Larus occidentalis Yellow-footed gull, Larus livens Glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus Iceland gull, Larus glaucoides Kumlien's gull, Larus glaucoides kumlieni Thayer's gull, Larus thayeri European herring gull, Larus argentatus American herring gull , Larus smithsonianus Caspian gull, Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged gull , Larus michahellis East Siberian herring gull, Larus vegae Armenian gull, Larus armenicus Slaty-backed gull, Larus schistisagus Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus Heuglin's gull, Larus (fuscus) heuglini Genus Ichthyaetus
White-eyed gull, Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus Sooty gull, Ichthyaetus hemprichii Great black-headed gull or Pallas's gull , Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus Audouin's gull, Ichthyaetus audouinii Mediterranean gull, Ichthyaetus melanocephalus Relict gull, Ichthyaetus relictus Genus Leucophaeus
Dolphin gull, Leucophaeus scoresbii Laughing gull, Leucophaeus atricilla Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan Lava gull, Leucophaeus fuliginosus Gray gull, Leucophaeus modestus Genus Chroicocephalus
Silver gull, Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae Red-billed gull, Chroicocephalus scopulinus Hartlaub's gull, Chroicocephalus hartlaubii Brown-hooded gull, Chroicocephalus maculipennis Gray-headed gull, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus Andean gull, Chroicocephalus serranus Black-billed gull, Chroicocephalus bulleri Brown-headed gull , Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus Slender-billed gull , Chroicocephalus genei Bonaparte's gull, Chroicocephalus philadelphia Saunders's gull, Chroicocephalus saundersi Genus Hydrocoloeus (may include Rhodostethia )
Little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus Genus Rhodostethia
Ross's gull, Rhodostethia rosea Genus Rissa
Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla Red-legged kittiwake, Rissa brevirostris Genus Pagophila
Genus Xema
Sabine's gull, Xema sabini Genus Creagrus
Swallow-tailed gull, Creagrus furcatus ഇതും കാണുക
അവലംബം
Grant, Peter J. (1986) Gulls: a guide to identification ISBN 0-85661-044-5 Howell, Steve N. G. and Jon Dunn (2007) Gulls of the Americas ISBN 0-618-72641-1 Olsen, Klaus Malling & Larsson, Hans (1995): Terns of Europe and North America . Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-4056-1 External links
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