The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Irish-language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Irish on Wiki English. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Irish in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wiki: Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Irish phonology and Irish orthography for a more thorough look at the sounds of Irish and how they are represented in writing, respectively.
Broad | Slender | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IPA | Example | English approximation | IPA | Example | English approximation |
bˠ | bain, scuab | boot | bʲ | béal, cnáib | beautiful |
d̪ˠ | dorn, nead | do (but dental), though (Ireland) | dʲ | dearg, cuid | media |
fˠ | fós, graf, pholl | fool | fʲ | fíon, stuif, phríosún | fuel |
ɡ | gasúr, bog | goose | ɟ | geata, carraig | argue |
ɣ | dhorn, ghasúr | Spanish higo | j | dhearg, gheata | yellow |
h | Shasana, shean, thaisce, theanga, hata, na héisc | hand | — | ||
k | cáis, mac | cart | c | ceist, mic | cube |
l̪ˠ | labhair, balla | filth | l̠ʲ | leabhair, goilleadh | million |
lˠ | fhlaith, bealach | pool | lʲ | fhleasc, goile | leaf |
mˠ | mór, am | moot | mʲ | milis, im | mute |
n̪ˠ | naoi, donna | tenth | n̠ʲ | ní, bainne | inch |
nˠ | dona | noon | nʲ | bainis | opinion |
ŋ | ngasúr | long | ɲ | ngeata | angular |
pˠ | poll, stop | poor | pʲ | príosún, truip | pure |
ɾˠ | barr, carr | rule (but tapped) | ɾʲ | fhréamh, tirim | real (but tapped) |
sˠ | Sasana, tús, speal | soon | ʃ | sean, cáis | sheet |
t̪ˠ | taisce, ceart | tool (but dental), thorn (Ireland) | tʲ | tír, beirt | tune (accents without yod dropping) |
w | bhain, dubh, mhór, léamh, vóta | wood or voodoo | vʲ | bhéal, sibh, mhilis, nimh, veidhlín | view |
x | cháis, taoiseach | loch (Scotland) | ç | cheist, deich, theann, theocht, thiúilip, thiocfadh, thiubh | hue (pronounced strongly) |
IPA | Examples | English approximation | IPA | Examples | English approximation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | mac | trap | aː | tá | father |
ɛ | ceist | best | eː | mé, gael | pay |
ɪ | ith, duine | kit | iː | mín, naoi | mean |
ɔ | olc, deoch | core | oː | bó, ceol | roll |
ʊ | dubh, fliuch | good | uː | tú | too |
ə | solas, milis | sofa | — |
IPA | Examples | English Approximation |
---|---|---|
iə | bia | idea |
uə | fuar | truant |
əi | saghas | light |
əu | leabhar | about |
IPA | Explanation |
---|---|
ˈ | primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable); usually the first syllable except in Munster |
ˌ | secondary stress (usually found only in compounds) |
Materials published elsewhere use somewhat different conventions from those used at Wiki English. For example, it is a longstanding tradition to leave velarized ("broad") consonants unmarked and mark palatalized ("slender") consonants with the prime, but that is not standard IPA usage.
This section compares the IPA system used at Wikipedia (which is based on that used by Ailbhe Ní Chasaide in her description of Irish in the Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, ISBN 0-521-63751-1) with the systems used in some other works.
IPA | Ní Chasaide (1999) (Gweedore) | Quiggin (1906) (Glenties) | Breatnach (1947) (Ring) | Ó Sé (2000) (Dingle Peninsula) | Mhac an Fhailigh (1968) (Erris) | Ó Siadhail (1988) (Cois Fharraige) | Foclóir Póca (1993) (Lárchanúint) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | a | æ, α | a | a | a | æ:, a: | a |
aː | æ | α: | a: | ɑː | a: | ɑ: | a: |
bˠ | bˠ | b | b | b | b | b | b |
bʲ | bʲ | b′ | b′ | b′ | b′ | b′ | b′ |
c | c | k′ | k′ | k′ | k′ | k′ | k′ |
ç | ç | ç | ç | x′ | ç | x′ | x′ |
d̪ˠ | d̪ˠ | d | d | d | d | d | d |
dʲ | d̠ʲ | d′ | d′ | d′ | d′ | d′ | d′ |
eː | e | e: | e: | eː | e: | e: | e: |
ɛ | ɛ | ɛ, e | e | e | e | e | e |
ə | ə | ə | ə | ə, ɪ | ə | ə | ə |
əi | — | αi | əi | ai | əi | ai | ai |
əu | au | αu | əu | ou | əu | au | au |
fˠ | fˠ | f | f | f | f | f | f |
fʲ | fʲ | f′ | f′ | f′ | f′ | f′ | f′ |
ɡ | ɡ | g | g | ɡ | g | g | g |
ɣ | ɣ | ℊ | γ | ɣ | ɣ | ɣ | γ |
h | h | h | h, h′ | h | h | h | h |
iː | i | i: | i: | iː | i: | i: | i: |
ɪ | ɪ | ï, i, y | i | i | i | i | i |
iə | ia | iə | iə | iːə | iə | i:ə | iə |
j | j | j | j | ɣ′ | j | ɣ′ | γ′ |
ɟ | ɟ | g′ | g′ | ɡ′ | g′ | g′ | g′ |
k | k | k | k | k | k | k | k |
l̪ˠ | l̪ˠ | L | l | l | L | L | l |
lˠ | l | l | |||||
l̠ʲ | l̠ʲ | L′ | l′ | l′ | L′ | L′ | l′ |
lʲ | l | l′ | l′ | l′ | |||
mˠ | mˠ | m | m | m | m | m | m |
mʲ | mʲ | m′ | m′ | m′ | m′ | m′ | m′ |
n̪ˠ | n̪ˠ | N | n | n | N | N | n |
nˠ | n | n | n | ||||
n̠ʲ | n̠ʲ | N′ | n′ | n′ | N′ | N′ | n′ |
nʲ | n′ | n′ | n′ | ||||
ɲ | ɲ | ɲ | ŋ′ | ŋ′ | ŋ′ | ŋ′ | ŋ′ |
ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ |
oː | o | o:, ɔ: | o: | oː | o: | o: | o: |
ɔ | ʌ | ɔ, o̤ | o | o | o | o | o |
pˠ | pˠ | p | p | p | p | p | p |
pʲ | pʲ | p′ | p′ | p′ | p′ | p′ | p′ |
ɾˠ | ɾˠ | r, R | r | r | r | r | r |
ɾʲ | ɾʲ | r′ | r′ | r′ | r′ | r′ | r′ |
sˠ | sˠ | s | s | s | s | s | s |
ʃ | ɕ | ʃ | ʃ | ʃ | ʃ | s′ | s′ |
t̪ˠ | t̪ˠ | t | t | t | t | t | t |
tʲ | t̠ʲ | t′ | t′ | t′ | t′ | t′ | t′ |
uː | u | u: | u: | uː | u: | u: | u: |
ʊ | ɤ | U | u | u | u | u | u |
uə | ua | uə | uə | uːə | uə | u:ə | uə |
vʲ | vʲ | v | v′ | v′ | v′ | w′ | v′ |
w | w | w | v | v | w | w | v |
x | x | χ | x | x | x | x | x |
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