ipa/Vietnamese

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Vietnamese language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

There are two major standards: one of Hanoi and one of Ho Chi Minh City. Each makes distinctions that the other does not; neither standard is preferred over the other at Wiki English. The central dialects, which make the distinctions of both, are generally represented in articles here, except if a local pronunciation is clearly more relevant.

See Vietnamese phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Vietnamese.

Initial consonants
H C S Examples English approximation
ʔ anh [ʔɐjn] (unwritten, occurs before initial vowels) uh-oh; informal British button
ɓ ba bee with a gulp
ɗ đi day with a gulp
f ph fight, photo
ɣ ga; ghế Spanish: amigo
h hàng high
k cô, kem scan, kid
w quanh quick (Northern dialect)
wow (Southern dialect)
x khô loch (Northern dialect)
cat (Southern dialect)
l là low
m mai my
n nam no
ɲ nhà canyon

Spanish: señorita, French: oignon

ŋ ngâm; nghe singer
p pin sport
s s xa so
ʂ sáu show, but with tongue curled
t tây stop
thầy top, get him
t͡ɕ ~ c t͡ɕ ~ c chè change
ʈ ~ ʈ͡ʂ tra trend, but with tongue curled
v j v victory
z/ ʑ/ ʝ j già, giết yes
z da, danh zero
r ra, rồi similar to red; variably pronounced as a fricative, flap or trill
Medial glide
ʷ oanh; quốc; Nguyễn, tuy quick
Final consonants
j i, tay, tui boy
m thêm pom
n ŋ ban pin
ŋ trứng long
n n n,n (after i, ê) hen
ŋ̟ nh onion (various pronunciations)
n ŋm bốn, bún (after u, ô) pen
ŋm chúng (after u, ô, o) like long, but with an 'm' after the 'ng'
tiếp clasp, but the p almost-pronounced (lip closed)
t k xuất pit
k ác pick
t t chít (after i, ê) hit
ch technical (various pronunciations)
t kp một (after u, ô) cut
kp học (after u, ô, o) backpack
w tao, triệu,đau how
Monophthongs
IPA Examples English approximation
a ăn, may; cau RP cut
ba, mai, cao father (Australian English)
e v, cây day, said (monophthongal)
ɛː xe set
ə ân balance
əː bơ RP hurt
i khi; tuy seat
ɨ or ɯ tư similar to glasses; Russian ты
o cô, sâu bowl (monophthongal)
ɔː có, xoong off
u ru, tui rule, too
Diphthongs
vn, bia beer, but without curling tongue for the 'r'
ɨə xương, chưa
uống, mua influence
Tones
IPA Vietnamese name Description Diacritical mark Examples Hanoi Saigon
ā ə̄ thanh ngang mid level no mark a [˧] [˧]
à ə̀ thanh huyền low falling (breathy) grave accent à [˨˩] [˨˩]
ǎ ə̌ thanh sắc mid rising, tense acute accent á, ấc [˧˥] [˧˥]
â ə̂ thanh hỏi mid falling(-rising), emphasis hook above [˧˩] [˧˩˧]
ǎˀ ə̌ˀ thanh ngã mid rising, glottalized tilde ã [˧ˀ˥] [˧˩˧]
âˀ ə̂ˀ thanh nặng mid falling, glottalized, heavy dot below ạ, ậc [˧ˀ˩] [˨˧]

Notes

See also

Tags:

International Phonetic AlphabetTemplate:IPAVietnamese languageWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation

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