ipa/Persian
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Persian, Dari, and Tajik language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Persian on Wiki English. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Persian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Persian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Persian.
| IPA | Consonants | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Farsi |  Dari |  Tajik | Arabic letter | Cyrillic letter | Example (Arabic script) | Example (Cyrillic) | English approximation |
| b | ب | б | برادر | бародар | beet - boy | ||
| d | د | д | دوست | дӯст | den - Daniel | ||
| dʒ | ج | ҷ | جوان | ҷавон | jazz - joy | ||
| f | ف | ф | فشار | фишор | fast - festival | ||
| ɡ | گ | г | گروه | гуруҳ | gate - gooseberry | ||
| ɣ , q ɢ | ɣ | غ | ғ | باغ | боғ | Either: | |
| q | ق | қ | قلم | қалам | |||
| h | ه ح | ҳ | هفت | ҳафт | hat | ||
| j | ی | й | یا | ё | yard | ||
| kʰ | ک | к | کشور | кишвар | cat | ||
| l | ل | л | لب | лаб | land | ||
| m | م | м | مادر | модар | man | ||
| n | ن | н | نان | нон | neck | ||
| pʰ | پ | п | پدر | пидор | pen | ||
| ɾ | ر | р | ایران | Эрон | Flapped or rolled R | ||
| ɹ | ring | ||||||
| s | س ص ث | с | سایه | сойа | sock | ||
| ʃ | ش | ш | شاه | шоҳ | shake | ||
| tʰ | ت ط | т | تا | то | tall | ||
| tʃʰ | چ | ч | چوب | чӯб | chip | ||
| v | w | v | و | в | ویژه | вижа | oven |
| x | خ | х | خانه | хона | loch (Scottish) | ||
| z | ز ذ ض ظ | з | آزاد | озод | jazz | ||
| ʒ | ژ | ж | ژاله | жола | vision | ||
| ʔ | ع ء | ъ | معنا | маъно | As in water, better, Let's go! (Cockney); button (GA and RP; see T-glottalization) | ||
| Marginal consonants | |||||||
| ŋ | نگ | нг | رنگ | ранг | sing | ||
| Stress | |||||||
| ˈ | ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] | Эрон | about /əˈbaʊt/ | ||||
| IPA | Vowels | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Farsi | Dari | Tajik | Arabic letter | Cyrillic letter | Example (Arabic script) | Example (Cyrillic script) | English approximation |
| Monophthongs | |||||||
| æ | æ, a | َ ه | а | نه | на | bat | |
| e | ɪ | i | ِ ه | и | که | ки | between bate and bet |
| o | ʊ | u | ُ و | у | تو | ту | short version of boat (GA); sort (RP and Australian) |
| ɒː | ɑː | ɔ | آ َا | о | تا | то | Like the o of not in Received Pronunciation |
| iː | eː | e̞ | ی | е | شیر | шер | beat |
| iː | i | ِی | и, ӣ | شیر | шир | beat | |
| uː | oː | ɵ̞, o̞ | و | ӯ | رو | рӯ | boot |
| uː | u | ُو | у | رو | ру | boot | |
| Diphthongs | |||||||
| ej | æj | َی | ай | کی | кай | bay, they | |
| ow | æw | æʋ | َو | ав | نو | нав | flow; in early New Persian as well as in modern eastern dialects, pronounced as in flower or loud |
Notes
References
- Campbell, George L. (1995). "Persian". Concise compendium of the world's languages (1st ed.). London: Routledge. p. 385. ISBN 0415160499.
- Majidi, Mohammad-Reza; Ternes, Elmar (1999). "Persian (Farsi)". Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Cambridge University Press. pp. 124–125.
See also
This article uses material from the Wikipedia English article Persian, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license ("CC BY-SA 3.0"); additional terms may apply (view authors). Content is available under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
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