ipa/Irish

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Irish-language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wiki: Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Irish phonology and Irish orthography for a more thorough look at the sounds of Irish and how they are represented in writing, respectively.

Key

Consonants
Broad Slender
IPA Example English approximation IPA Example English approximation
bain, scuab boot béal, cnáib beautiful
d̪ˠ dorn, nead do (but dental), though (Ireland) dearg, cuid media
fós, graf, pholl fool fíon, stuif, phríosún fuel
ɡ gasúr, bog goose ɟ geata, carraig argue
ɣ dhorn, ghasúr Spanish higo j dhearg, gheata yellow
h Shasana, shean, thaisce, theanga, hata, na héisc hand
k cáis, mac cart c ceist, mic cube
l̪ˠ labhair, balla filth l̠ʲ leabhair, goilleadh million
fhlaith, bealach pool fhleasc, goile leaf
mór, am moot milis, im mute
n̪ˠ naoi, donna tenth n̠ʲ ní, bainne inch
dona noon bainis opinion
ŋ ngasúr long ɲ ngeata angular
poll, stop poor príosún, truip pure
ɾˠ barr, carr rule (but tapped) ɾʲ fhréamh, tirim real (but tapped)
Sasana, tús, speal soon ʃ sean, cáis sheet
t̪ˠ taisce, ceart tool (but dental), thorn (Ireland) tír, beirt tune (accents without yod dropping)
w bhain, dubh, mhór, léamh, vóta wood or voodoo bhéal, sibh, mhilis, nimh, veidhlín view
x cháis, taoiseach loch (Scotland) ç cheist, deich, theann, theocht, thiúilip, thiocfadh, thiubh hue (pronounced strongly)
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation IPA Examples English approximation
a mac trap tá father
ɛ ceist best mé, gael pay
ɪ ith, duine kit mín, naoi mean
ɔ olc, deoch core bó, ceol roll
ʊ dubh, fliuch good tú too
ə solas, milis sofa
Diphthongs
IPA Examples English

Approximation

bia idea
fuar truant
əi saghas light
əu leabhar about
Suprasegmentals
IPA Explanation
ˈ primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable);
usually the first syllable except in Munster
ˌ secondary stress (usually found only in compounds)

Comparison of transcription schemes

Materials published elsewhere use somewhat different conventions from those used at Wiki English. For example, it is a longstanding tradition to leave velarized ("broad") consonants unmarked and mark palatalized ("slender") consonants with the prime, but that is not standard IPA usage.

This section compares the IPA system used at Wikipedia (which is based on that used by Ailbhe Ní Chasaide in her description of Irish in the Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, ISBN 0-521-63751-1) with the systems used in some other works.

IPA Ní Chasaide (1999)
(Gweedore)
Quiggin (1906)
(Glenties)
Breatnach (1947)
(Ring)
Ó Sé (2000)
(Dingle Peninsula)
Mhac an Fhailigh (1968)
(Erris)
Ó Siadhail (1988)
(Cois Fharraige)
Foclóir Póca (1993)
(Lárchanúint)
a a æ, α a a a æ:, a: a
æ α: a: ɑː a: ɑ: a:
b b b b b b
b′ b′ b′ b′ b′ b′
c c k′ k′ k′ k′ k′ k′
ç ç ç ç x′ ç x′ x′
d̪ˠ d̪ˠ d d d d d d
d̠ʲ d′ d′ d′ d′ d′ d′
e e: e: e: e: e:
ɛ ɛ ɛ, e e e e e e
ə ə ə ə ə, ɪ ə ə ə
əi αi əi ai əi ai ai
əu au αu əu ou əu au au
f f f f f f
f′ f′ f′ f′ f′ f′
ɡ ɡ g g ɡ g g g
ɣ ɣ γ ɣ ɣ ɣ γ
h h h h, h′ h h h h
i i: i: i: i: i:
ɪ ɪ ï, i, y i i i i i
ia iːə i:ə
j j j j ɣ′ j ɣ′ γ′
ɟ ɟ g′ g′ ɡ′ g′ g′ g′
k k k k k k k k
l̪ˠ l̪ˠ L l l L L l
l l
l̠ʲ l̠ʲ L′ l′ l′ L′ L′ l′
l l′ l′ l′
m m m m m m
m′ m′ m′ m′ m′ m′
n̪ˠ n̪ˠ N n n N N n
n n n
n̠ʲ n̠ʲ N′ n′ n′ N′ N′ n′
n′ n′ n′
ɲ ɲ ɲ ŋ′ ŋ′ ŋ′ ŋ′ ŋ′
ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ
o o:, ɔ: o: o: o: o:
ɔ ʌ ɔ, o̤ o o o o o
p p p p p p
p′ p′ p′ p′ p′ p′
ɾˠ ɾˠ r, R r r r r r
ɾʲ ɾʲ r′ r′ r′ r′ r′ r′
s s s s s s
ʃ ɕ ʃ ʃ ʃ ʃ s′ s′
t̪ˠ t̪ˠ t t t t t t
t̠ʲ t′ t′ t′ t′ t′ t′
u u: u: u: u: u:
ʊ ɤ U u u u u u
ua uːə u:ə
v v′ v′ v′ w′ v′
w w w v v w w v
x x χ x x x x x

See also

Notes

Tags:

ipa/Irish Comparison of transcription schemesipa/IrishInternational Phonetic AlphabetIrish languageTemplate:IPAWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation

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