Bellum Civile

Bellum civile est bellum inter greges ordinatos intra singulam nationem-civitatem vel rempublicam, vel, minus saepe, inter binas civitates ex una natione-civitate olim integra creatas. Propositum unius lateris usitate est civitatem vel regionem in unam dicionem redigere, libertatem unius regionis adsequi, vel rationes reipublicae gerendae commutare. Vocabulum, quod in multis linguis hodiernis calque vocabuli Latini fit, primum ad varia bella civilia Reipublicae Romanae saeculo primo a.C.n. spectare adhibitum est.

Unam legis e paginis de

re militari

disserentibus

Typi bellorum

Vires armatae

Ius

Vide etiam
Index bellorum · Arma · Pax · Dissimulatio · Glossarium · Diplomatia

Bellum civile est contentio magnarum virium, quae exercitum ordinarium implicare potest, saepe diu sustinetur et ordinatur, atque permultos homines tangit. Bella civilia permultas calamitates adferre et magnas opes consumere possunt.

Secundo bello mundano confecto, bella civilia aliquantulum plus quattuor annos duraverunt, contra annum et dimidium temporis a 1900 ad 1944. Exempli gratia, in primo saeculi vicesimi dimidio, eodem tempore non erant plus quam quinque bella civilia, sed bello frigido composito, plus quam viginti bella civilia fiebant ante maiorem deminutionem cum finirent certamina quae ex aemulatione nationum praepotentium orta erant. Post 1945, bella civilia plus quam 25 milliones hominum interfecerunt, cum migratione compulsa millionum additorum. Praeterea, bella civilia conlapsus effecerunt oeconomiarum: Birmania (Myanmar), Uganda, et Angola sunt exempla civitatum quibus, ut videbatur, erant futura felicia antequam earum bella civilia conflarentur.

Definitio

Iacobus Fearon, qui in Universitate Stanfordiensi bella civilia investigat, bellum civile definit "certamen violentum intra civitate a gregibus ordinatis pugnatum qui potestatam captam in medio vel in regione, vel propositis gubernationis mutatis, animo intendunt." Praeterea, Anna Hironaka dicit unam partem belli civilis necessarie esse civitatem. Academici de gravitate quo turbatio civilis fit bellum civile inter se contendunt. Nonnulli rerum politicarum periti bellum civile definiunt certamen cui sunt plus quam mille casuum, dum alii id definiunt certamen cui sunt plus quam centum. Correlata Belli (Anglice Correlates of War), copia datorum a certaminis eruditis late adhibita, bellis civilibus plus quam mille casus belli per annum certaminis tribuit. Hic modus est parva millionum Bello Civili Sudanico Altero et Bello Civili Cambodiano interfectorum pars, exempli gratia, sed haec definitio nonnulla certamina celeberrima excludit, inter quae Incommoda (The Troubles) Hiberniae Septentrionalis et certamen Congressus Nationalis Africani in Africa Australi tempore separationis.

Nexus interni

Bellum libertatis (discretiva)
Bella liberationis reipublicae
Bellum civile alterum
Bellum civile Iameniense
Conventus Genavenses
Logica Violentiae in Bello Civili
Primum Bellum Civile

Notae

Bibliographia

Ali, Taisier Mohamed Ahmed, et Robert O. Matthews, eds. 1999. Civil Wars in Africa: roots and resolution,
Berdal, Mats, et David M. Malone. 2000. Greed and Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars Lynne Rienner.
Collier, Paul. 2003. Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy. Vasingtoniae: World Bank
Collier, Paul; Sambanis, Nicholas, eds. (2005). Understanding Civil War:Evidence and Analysis. 1: Africa. Vasingtoniae: The World Bank. ISBN 978-0-8213-6047-7
Collier, Paul; Sambanis, Nicholas, eds. (2005). Understanding Civil War:Evidence and Analysis. 2: Europe, Central Asia, and Other Regions. Washington, DC: The World Bank. ISBN 978-0-8213-6049-1
Demélas-Bohy, Marie-Danielle. 1997. La notion de guerre civile en question. Clio 5. Commentarius apud clio.revues.org.
Kalyvas, Stathis. 2001. "New" and "Old" Civil Wars: A Valid Distinction? World Politics 54(1):99-118.
Kolb, Robert. 2001. Le droit international public et le concept de guerre civile depuis 1945. Relations internationales 105 (ver): 9–29. PDF.
Lake, David, et Donald Rothchild, eds. 1996. The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict: Fear, Diffusion, and Escalation. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press.
Licklider, Roy. 1995. The Consequences of Negotiated Settlements in Civil Wars, 1945–1993. American Political Science Review 89(3):681–690.
Mack, Andrew. .2002. Civil War: Academic Research and the Policy Community. Journal of Peace Research 39(5):515–525.
Mason, David T., et Patrick Fett. 1996. How Civil Wars End: A Rational Choice Approach. Journal of Conflict Resolution 40(4):546-568.
Regan, Patrick M. 2000. Civil Wars and Foreign Powers: Outside Intervention in Intrastate Conflict.
John, Stephen, et al., eds. 2002. Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements.
Toft, Monica Duffy. 2003. The Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the Indivisibility of Territory. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12383-7.
Walter, Barbara F. 2002. Committing to Peace: The Successful Settlement of Civil Wars. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press.
Wood, Elisabeth Jean. 2003. Civil Wars: What We Don't Know. Global Governance 9:247ff.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Bella civilia spectant.

"Royal Air Force Doctrine - The Nature of War and Armed Conflict," apud www.raf.mod.uk
"What makes a civil war?" apud news.bbc.co.uk, 20 Aprilis 2006
FAQ du Droit international humanitaire sur le Situs CICR, Genavensibus Belli Conventionibus^? dicatus

Haec stipula ad historiam spectat. Amplifica, si potes!

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