ސަރުކާރު ހިންގުމުގެ ނިޒާމަށް ބަލައިގެން ހެދިފައިވާ ޤައުމުތަކުގެ ލިސްޓު

Presidential / Separated republics

These are systems in which a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is elected and remains in office independently of the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:

Full presidential systems

In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government. There is no prime minister.

Semi-presidential systems

In semi-presidential systems, there is usually both a president and a prime minister. In such systems, the President has genuine executive authority, unlike in a parliamentary republic, but some of the role of a head of government is exercised by the prime minister, who is also head of the legislature.

Parliamentary republics

A Parliamentary republic is a system in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The Presidents degree of executive power may range from being reasonably significant (eg. Poland) to little or none at all (eg. Ireland). Where the President holds little executive power, their function is primarily that of a symbolic figurehead.

Mixed Republican Systems

• Botswana
• South Africa
• Switzerland
• San Marino

Constitutional monarchies

Systems in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The head of state is a constitutional monarch who only exercises his or her powers with the consent of the government, the people or their representatives.

Commonwealth realms

Constitutional monarchies, in which Queen Elizabeth II serves as head of state over an independent government. In each Realm, she acts as the monarch of that state, and is usually titled accordingly - for example, Queen of Australia. The Queen appoints a Governor-General to each country other than the United Kingdom to act as her representative. The prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature.

Semi-constitutional monarchies

The prime minister (or equivalent) is the nation's active executive, but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at his/her own independent discretion.

Absolute monarchies

Monarchies in which the monarch is the active head of the executive branch and exercises all powers.

Theocracies

States based on a state religion where the head of state is selected by some form of religious hierarchy.

• Iran (to some degree)
• the Holy See (Vatican City)

One-party states

States in which political power is concentrated within a single political party whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy. However, some do have elected governments.

Military junta states

The nation's armed forces control the organs of government and all high-ranking political executives are also members of the military hierarchy.

• Fiji (until 2010)
• Libya
• Myanmar

Transitional

States which have a system of government which is in transition or turmoil and cannot be accurately classified. (with current direction of change)

• Somalia (toward semi-presidential republic)
• Sudan (bipartisan Government of National Unity)
• Palestinian Authority (toward semi-presidential republic)
• Thailand (toward constitutional monarchy)
• Nepal (toward constitutional monarchy or parliamentary republic)
• Iraq (toward parliamentary republic)
• Eritrea (Towards presidential republic)

Federal

States in which the federal government shares power with semi-independent regional governments. In many cases, the central government is (in theory) a creation of the regional governments; a prime example is the United States.

Devolved

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to self-governing subsidiary governments, creating a de facto federation.

• Spain (17 autonomous communities and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla)
• United Kingdom (Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales; England remains under full control of the central government)

Regionalized unitary

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to regional governments.

• Chile (13 regions, each one divided into smaller provinces, which are sub-divided into several municipalities).
• Italy (20 regions, five granted 'autonomous' status)
• New Zealand (12 regions, 4 unitary authorities)
• People's Republic of China (22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities, and 2 Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong and Macau)
• Philippines (79 provinces grouped into 17 regions, one granted 'autonomous' status)

Federacy

A federacy is a country in which some substates function like states in a federation and others like states in a unitary state.

• Denmark with 2 autonomous regions and 5 regions;
• Finland with 1 autonomous province and 19 regions;
• The Netherlands with 2 states and 12 provinces.
• France with 1 sui generis collectivity and 26 régions, 4 collectivités d'outre-mer, 1 territoire d'outre-mer
• Serbia, significant autonomy granted to Vojvodina; Kosovo-Metohija under UN protectorate, future status being negotiated.
• Ukraine, 24 oblasts, 2 special-status cities, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea
• Tanzania, 21 mainland regions, 5 regions under autonomous government of Zanzibar

Unitary

see Unitary state

• List of forms of government
• List of countries by date of transition to republican system of government

• Global Scan- Election Tracker
• Countries categorized by system of government in 20th century at Historical Atlas of 20th Century
• [1] A Chronology of political history based on Government form