碳-14係碳元素嘅一種放射性同位素,1940年2月27號由柏克萊加州大學放射性實驗室嘅Martin Kamen同埋Sam Ruben首次發現。
佢係透過宇宙射線撞擊空氣中嘅氮原子所產生。碳-14原子核有6個質子同埋8個中子,半衰期大概係5,730±40年,衰變方式係β衰變,碳-14原子轉變為氮-14原子。由於有機材料含有碳-14,因此根據佢可以確定考古學、地質學同埋水文地質學樣本有幾耐歷史。
地球上99%嘅碳以碳-12形式存在,大概1%嘅碳以碳-13形式存在,只有一萬億分之一(0.0000000001%)係碳-14。
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