Ananas Comosus

Ananas comosus

taxon

subclass of	useful plant
has use	fruit, medicinal plant, fiber
short name	A. comosus
taxon name	Ananas comosus
taxon rank	species
parent taxon	Ananas
basionym	Bromelia comosa
this taxon is source of	pineapple, piña, pineapple juice, Yeah
uses	CAM photosynthesis
maintained by WikiProject	WikiProject Invasion Biology
hardiness of plant	10
taxon author citation	(L.) Merr.
GRIN URL	https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=3074
sequenced genome URL	https://plants.ensembl.org/Ananas_comosus
MCN code	0804.30.00

yɛ afifideɛ a ɛwɔ mmeaɛ a osuo tɔ na owia bɔ kɛseɛ a ɛwɔ aba a wotumi di, ɛyɛ afifide a ɛho hia sene biara wɔ sikasɛm mu wɔ Bromeliaceae abusua mu.

Aborɔbɛ ase paa firi Amerika Anafoɔ fam, baabi a wɔadua no mfeha pii. aborɔbɛ a wɔde baa Europa wɔ afeha a ɛto so dunson(17th century) mu no maa ɛbɛyɛɛ amammerɛ mu agyinahyɛdeɛ titire a ɛkyerɛ ahonyadeɛ. Ɛfiri afe Ɔha aduɔkono aduonu(1820s) mfe no mu no, wɔadua ananas wɔ adwadidan ahorow mu wɔ mmeaɛ a ɛhɔ yɛ hye ne mfuo pii a ɛwɔ mmeaɛ a osuo tɔ na owia bɔ kɛseɛ.

Aborɔbɛ nyin sɛ dua ketewaa bi; afifideɛ a ɛnni nhwiren no nhwiren baako baako no bom yɛ nnuaba pii. Afifideɛ no taa trɛ firi aba a ɛwɔ aduaba no atifi anaasɛ ɛfiri nkorabata a ɛwɔ nkyɛnkyɛn mu, na ɛtaa nyini wɔ afe baako mu.

Aborɔbɛ yɛ nhabannuru a ɛtra hɔ daa, na sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ne tenten yɛ mita 1.0 kosi 1.5, ɛwom sɛ ɛtɔ mmerɛ bi a ɛbɛtumi aware asen saa deɛ. Afifideɛ no wɔ dua tiawa a ɛyɛ den a nhaban a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ waxy. Sɛ ɛrebɔ n’aba a, ɛtaa so nhwiren bɛyɛ ahanu(200), ɛwom sɛ nhwiren akɛseɛ bi a ɛso aba bɛtumi aboro yei so deɛ. Sɛ ɛyɛ nhwiren wie a, nhwiren no nnuaba mmaako mmaako no bom yɛ nnuaba pii. Sɛ wɔso aba a ɛdi kan no wie a, wɔso nkorabata a ɛwɔ nkyɛnkyɛn (a wɔn a wodua no frɛ no ‘suckers’) wɔ nhaban a ɛwɔ dua titire no akyi. Wobɛtumi ayi saa suckers yi ama atrɛ anaasɛ wobɛgya ama aba foforo wɔ mfitiaseɛ afifideɛ no so. Wɔ aguadeɛ mu no, wɔyɛ suckers a ɛpue no twa nnyinaso no ho hyia. Ɛwɔ nhaban ntiantiaa aduasa(30) anaa nea ɛboro saa a ɛte sɛ ahina a ne tenten yɛ sɛntimita no aduasa(30) kosi ɔha(100) (anammɔn baako(1) kosi mmiɛnsa ne fa(3+1⁄2)), na atwa dua a ɛyɛ den no ho ahyia; nhaban no wɔ akyi berɛmo a ano yɛ nnam wɔ anoano. Wɔ afe a ɛdi kan a ɛnyini mu no, akyire no ware na ɛyɛ den, na ɛso nhaban pii a ɛyɛ nkuruwankuruwa a ɛbɛn. Abosome du mmienu(12) kosi aduonu(20) akyi no, dua no nyini yɛ nhwiren a ɛte sɛ nkasɛe a ne tenten bɛyɛ sɛ sɛntimita no du nnum(15) (nsateakwaa 6) a nhwiren bɛboro ɔha(100) a wɔahyehyɛ no nkuruwankuruwa, a ɛyɛ nkorabata mmiɛnsa, a emu biara wɔ nhwiren a ɛyɛ nkuruwankuruwa ase.

Wɔ wuram no, hummingbirds titiriw na ɛma aborɔbɛ mu nsuo yɛ frɔmfrɔm. Wuram aborɔbɛ bi nom na mpan hwehwɛ aduan firim anadwo. Wɔ kuayɛ ase no, ɛsiane sɛ aba a ɛba no ma aba no su so te nti, wɔde nsa na ɛyɛ pollination no, na wɔkora aba so ma awoɔ nkoaa. Wɔ Hawaii, baabi a na wɔyɛ aborɔbɛ na wɔde gu toa mu wɔ mfididwuma mu wɔ afeha a ɛto so aduonu(20th Century) no nyinaa mu no, wɔbaraa hummingbirds a wɔde bɛba amannɔne.

Nkwaboa no nyini yɛ nnuaba, na ɛka bom yɛ nnuaba kɛseɛ a ɛyɛ den na ɛdɔɔso. Wɔtaa hyehyɛ aborɔbɛ aba no sɛ helices mmienu a ɛka bom, na mpɛn pii no ɛwɔ nwɔtwe(8) wɔ ɔkwan baako so na du mmiɛnsa(13) wɔ ɔkwan foforo so, na emu biara yɛ Fibonacci nɔma.

Aborɔbɛ no yɛ CAM photosynthesis, ɛsiesie carbon dioxide anadwo na ɛkora so sɛ acid malate, afei ɛgyae mu awia berɛ boa photosynthesis.

Etymology ho adesua

Nea ɛdi kan a wɔkaa aborɔbɛ aba no ho asɛm wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu ne André Thevet nwoma The New Found World, anaa Antarctike nkyerɛaseɛ a ɛfiri French kasa mu wɔ afe apem ahannum aduosia nwɔtwe(1568) mu a ɔkaa Hoyriri, aduaba bi a Tupinambáfo dua na wodi, a wɔte bɛn nnɛyi Rio de Janeiro,Wɔ afe apem aha nkono aduɔkono nkono(1999) mu ho asɛm. na mprempren wogye di sɛ ɛyɛ aborɔbɛ. Akyiri yi wɔ Borɔfo nkyerɛaseɛ korɔ no ara mu no, ɔka aduaba korɔ no ara ho asɛm sɛ "Nana a wɔayɛ no aborɔbɛ tebea kwan so", baako a ɔde Tupi asɛmfua foforɔ nanas dii dwuma, a ɛkyerɛ 'aduaba a ɛyɛ kyɛn so'. Europa kasa pii gyee saa dwumadie yi too mu na ɛde afifideɛ no nyansahu mu asɛmfua mmienu Ananas comosus baeɛ, baabi a comosus ‘tufted’ kyerɛ afifideɛ no dua. Purchas a ɔkyerɛ Engiresi kasa mu wɔ afe apem ahansia ne du mmiɛnsa(1613) mu no frɛɛ aduaba no Ananas, nanso Oxford Engiresi Nsɛm asekyerɛ nwoma no atwerɛdeɛ a edi kan a ɛfa asɛmfua ananas ankasa ho a Engiresi twerɛfoɔ bi yɛɛ yɛ no yɛ nea Mandeville twerɛɛ wɔ afe apam ahanson ne du nnan(1714) mu.

Kua dwuma a ɔyɛe ansa na atubrafoɔ reba

Kuadwuma a wɔyɛe ansa na atubrafo reba

Wuram afifideɛ no fi Paraná–Paraguay Asubɔnten no mu nsuo a ɛkɔ Brazil Anafoɔ fam ne Paraguay ntam no mu. .Kakraa bi na wonim fa fie a wɔyɛ no ho, nanso ɛtrɛ sɛ nnɔbae wɔ Amerika Anafoɔ Fam nyinaa. Wohu fam tutuo ho adanseɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔde dii dwuma firi afe apem du mmienu de kosi afe aha nwɔtwe (1200–800) ansa na wɔrewo Kristo (3200–2800 A.Y.B.) wɔ Peru[21] ne 200 A.Y.B. – 700 A.Y.B ne Aztekfo.[23] Eduu 1400 mfe no awiei no, na wɔkyekyɛ ananse a wɔadua no kɛse na na ɛyɛ Amerikafo Ankasa aduan titiriw. Europani a odi kan a ohyiaa ananse ne Columbus, wɔ Guadeloupe wɔ 4 November 1493.[24][25] Portugalfo gyee aduaba no fii Brazil na wɔde baa India wɔ afe 1550 mu.[26] Spaniafo nso de ‘Red Spanish [es]’ dua no fi Latin Amerika baa Philippines, na anyɛ yiye koraa no, woduae de yɛɛ ntama fi afeha a ɛto so 17 mu.[27]

Columbus de afifide no san baa Spain na ɔfrɛɛ no piña de Indes, a ɛkyerɛ "Indiafo pine". Wɔkyerɛw ananse no ho asɛm wɔ Peter Martyr nhoma Wiase Foforo no Mfe Du du (1516) ne Antonio Pigafetta nhoma Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo (1524–1525) mu, na mfonini a edi kan a wonim no wɔ Oviedo nhoma Historia General de Las Indias (1535) mu

Bere a ananse no ani gyee Europafo ho sɛ aba a efi atubrafo mu bae no,[29] wɔantumi andua no yiye wɔ Europa kosii sɛ Pieter de la Court yɛɛ turoyɛ a ɛma wim yɛ hyew wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn Leiden fi bɛyɛ afe 1658.[30][25] Wɔkyekyɛɛ ananse afifide fii Netherlands maa Engiresifo turoyɛfo wɔ afe 1719 mu ne Fransefo de wɔ afe 1730 mu.[25] Wɔ England no, wodua ananse a edi kan wɔ Dorney Court, Dorney wɔ Buckinghamshire, na wosii "ananse fononoo" kɛse bi a wɔde bɛma afifide no ayɛ hyew wɔ Chelsea Physic Garden wɔ afe 1723 mu.[31][32] Wɔ France no, wɔde ananse bi a wɔadua wɔ Versailles wɔ 1733. Wɔ Russia no, Peter Ɔkɛseɛ de de la Court kwan no baa St. Petersburg wɔ 1720 mfe no mu; wɔ afe 1730 mu no, wɔde ananse nnua aduonu fii hɔ kɔɔ ɔdan bi a wɔde nsu gu mu wɔ Ɔhemmaa Anna ahemfie foforo a ɛwɔ Moscow no mu.[33][34]

1772 mfonini a ɛkyerɛ Ananas comosus ananse bi a Banhius de maa no nyansahu mu din a edi kan a ɛne Cardus brasilianus folius aloes wɔ afe 1623 mu[35]

Esiane ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ nneɛma a wɔde fi amannɔne ba tẽẽ ho ne ɛka kɛse a wɔbɔ wɔ nnwinnade ne adwumayɛfo a wɔhwehwɛ na wɔadua wɔ wim tebea a ɛyɛ hyew mu, wɔ afie a ɛyɛ hyew a wɔfrɛ no "pineries" mu nti, ananse bɛyɛɛ ahonyade ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Mfiase no na wɔde di dwuma titiriw de kyerɛ wɔ anwummere apontow ase, sen sɛ wobedi, na wɔde dii dwuma mpɛn pii kosi sɛ efii ase porɔw.[36] Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 no fa a ɛto so abien mu no, nnuaba a wɔyɛe wɔ Britaniafo agyapade so no bɛyɛɛ akansi kɛse a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ adefo adefo a wɔyɛ adefo ntam.[36] John Murray, Dunmore Earl a ɔto so 4, sii ɔdan a wɔde ɔhyew a ɛwɔ n’agyapade so a abo kɛse bi a ne tenten yɛ mita 14 a ɛte sɛ aduaba no sii so; wɔfrɛ no Dunmore Ananse.[37] Wɔ adansi mu no, ananse mfonini bɛyɛɛ nneɛma a wɔde siesie hɔ a ɛyɛ ahɔhoyɛ ho sɛnkyerɛnne.[38][39][40]