มักกะฮ์

• What life was like in the lands of the prophet: Islamic world, AD 570–1405. Time-Life Books. 1999. ISBN 978-0-7835-5465-5.
• Lapidus, Ira M. (1988). A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22552-6.

• Bianca, Stefano (2000), "Case Study 1: The Holy Cities of Islam – The Impact of Mass Transportation and Rapid Urban Change", Urban Form in the Arab World, Zurich: ETH Zurich, ISBN 978-3-7281-1972-8, 0500282056
• Bosworth, C. Edmund, บ.ก. (2007). "Mecca". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill.
• Dumper, Michael R. T.; Stanley, Bruce E., บ.ก. (2008), "Makkah", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO
• Rosenthal, Franz; Ibn Khaldun (1967). The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-09797-8.
• Watt, W. Montgomery. "Makka – The pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 6 June 2008
• Winder, R.B. "Makka – The Modern City." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 2008
• "Quraysh". Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia (online). 2007. สืบค้นเมื่อ 19 February 2007.

ออนไลน์

• Mecca Saudi Arabia, in Encyclopædia Britannica Online, by John Bagot Glubb, Assʿad Sulaiman Abdo, Swati Chopra, Darshana Das, Michael Levy, Gloria Lotha, Michael Ray, Surabhi Sinha, Noah Tesch, Amy Tikkanen, Grace Young and Adam Zeidan

• Holy Makkah Municipality
• Saudi Information Resource – Holy Makkah เก็บถาวร 2006-08-21 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน
• Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al Madinah and Makkahh, by Richard Burton