Rex Persarum Cyrus Ii: Rex Persarum

Cyrus II sive Cyrus Magnus (Graece Κῦρος, lingua Persica antiqua 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 Kūruš; natus circa annum 600 a.C.n., mortuus anno 530 a.C.n.) fuit conditor Imperii Achaemenidarum. Sub eius dominatione, imperium omnes civilizatas antiqui orientis medii civitates comprehendit, magnopere expandit, et ad extremum plurimum Asiae Meridio-Occidentalis et multum Asiae Mediae Caucasique vicit. A Mari Mediterraneo et Hellesponto in occidente ad Indum in oriente, Cyrus maximum orbis terrarum imperium usque id tempus creavit. Sui tituli regales pleni fuerunt Magnus Rex, Rex Persis, Rex Anshan, Rex Mediae, Rex Babylonis, Rex Sumer et Akkad, Rex Quattuor Angulorum Mundi. Enuntiavit praeterea in Cylindro, inter 539 et 530 a.C.n. iusso, rem quam nonnulli habent unam ex primis in historia gravibus iurum humanorum declarationibus, sed haec interpretatio ab aliis in controversiam vocatum est.

Cyrus II (rex Persarum)

Res apud Vicidata repertae:

Nativitas: 600 a.C.n.; Anshan Persia
Obitus: 530 a.C.n.; Iaxartes
Patria: Achaemenidae, Anshan Persia

Familia

Genitores: Cambyses I; Mandane of Media
Coniunx: Cassandane, Amitis Shahbanu, Neithiyti
Proles: Cambyses II, Smerdis, Atossa, Roxane, Artystone
Familia: Achaemenidae

Memoria

Sepultura: Tomb of Cyrus the Great

Regnum Cyri inter 29 et 31 annos duravit. Ille imperium confecit primum per Imperium Mediae, tum Imperium Lydium, et deinde Imperium Neobabylonicum devictum. Aut paulo ante aut paulo post Babylon superatum, expeditionem in Asiam Mediam duxit, quae maiora efficit proelia quae, ut apud Herodotum historicum Graecum legimus, "in servitutem quamque civitatem, omnes ad unum," redegerunt. Cyrus se in Aegyptum numquam contulit, quia in proelio cecidit, Massagetas secundum Iaxartem Decembri 530 a.C.n. pugnans. Ei successit Cambyses II filius, qui imperium per regnum breve amplificavit, Aegyptum, Nubiam, Cyrenaicam vicissim devicens.

Cyrus religiones aliosque mores populorum qui vicerat magni aestimavit. Quod factum est felix administrationis ad unum delatae exemplar, rectionem constituens quae subiectis civibusque prodesset. Administratio imperii per satrapes et principium rectionis Pasargadis constitutae erant opera ipsius Cyri. Quod aliquando Edictum Restaurationis (revera duo edicta) appellatur, et in Bibliis Sacris Cyro tribuitur, religionem Iudaicam magnopere movit. Apud librum Isaiae 45:1 in Biblia Hebraica legitur Deum Iudaicum hoc opus Cyro mandavisse, quem etiam messias appella. Cyrus est solus vir in his textibus sic descriptus.

Fontes antiqui

Fontes Babylonii

• Annales Nabonidi ex Annalibus Babylonianis
• Narratio Nabonidi in versibus
• Prex Nabonidi
• Cylindrus Cyri

Fontes Graeci

• Herodotus, Historiae I.75-214.
• Ctesias, Persica

Fontes Hebraei

• Isaiah, Daniel, Ezra, Neemiah (libri biblici)

Miscellanea

• Flavius Iosephus, Antiquitates Iudaicae
• Thucydides, Historia Belli Peloponnesii
• Plato, Leges
• Xenophon, Cyropaedia
• Quintus Curtius Rufus, Library of World History
• Plutarchus, Vitae
• Fragmenta Nicolai Damasceni
• Arrianus, Anabasis Alexandri
• Polyaenus, Stratagemata in Bello
• Iustinus, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus
• Polybius, Historiae
• Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica
• Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae
• Strabo, Historia
• Quran, Dhul-Qarnayn, Al-Kahf

Fontes recentiores

• Bachenheimer, Avi (2018). Old Persian: Dictionary, Glossary and Concordance. Wiley and Sons. pp. 1–799 
• Ball, Charles James. 1899. Light from the East: Or the witness of the monuments. Londinii: Eyre and Spottiswoode.
• Boardman, John. 1994. The Cambridge Ancient History IV: Persia, Greece, and the Western Mediterranean, C. 525-479 B.C. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-22804-2.
• Cannadine, David; Price, Simon (1987). Rituals of royalty : power and ceremonial in traditional societies (1. publ. ed.). Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-33513-2 
• Cardascia, G (1988). Babylon under Achaemenids. 3. Londinii: Routledge. ISBN 0-939214-78-4 .
• Chavalas, Mark W., ed. (2007). The ancient Near East : historical sources in translation. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-23580-9 .
• Church, Alfred J. 1881. Stories of the East From Herodotus. Londinii: Seeley, Jackson & Halliday.
• Dandamaev, M. A. 1989. A political history of the Achaemenid empire.[ Lugduni Batavorum: Brill. ISBN 90-04-09172-6
• Freeman, Charles. 1999. The Greek Achievement: The Foundation of the Western World. Novi Eboraci: Viking. ISBN 0-7139-9224-7.
• Fried, Lisbeth S. (2002). "Cyrus the Messiah? The Historical Background to Isaiah 45:1". Harvard Theological Review 95 (4) .
• Frye, Richard N. 1962. The Heritage of Persia. Londinii: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 1-56859-008-3.
• Gershevitch, Ilya (1985). The Cambridge History of Iran: Vol. 2 ; The Median and Achaemenian periods. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20091-1 .
• Moorey, P. R. S. 1991. The Biblical Lands, 6. Novi Eboraci: Peter Bedrick Books. ISBN 0-87226-247-2.
• Olmstead, A. T. 1948. History of the Persian Empire [Achaemenid Period]. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-62777-2.
• Palou, Christine, et Jean Palou. 1962. La Perse Antique. Lutetiae: Presses Universitaires de France.
• Schmitt, Rüdiger (1983). Achaemenid dynasty. vol. 3. Londinii: Routledge .
• Schmitt, Rüdiger; Shahbazi, A. Shapur; Dandamayev, Muhammad A.; Zournatzi, Antigoni (1993). Cyrus. Vol. 6. Londinii: Routledge. ISBN 0-939214-78-4 
• Schmitt, Rüdiger. 2010.l Cyrus I: The Name. Londinii: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
• Tait, Wakefield. 1846. The Presbyterian review and religious journal. Oxoniae: Oxford University. Google Books.

Fontes additi

• Bickermann, Elias J. (September 1946). "The Edict of Cyrus in Ezra 1". JournaI of Biblical Literature 65 (3): 249–275 .
• Dougherty, Raymond Philip (1929). Nabonidus and Belshazzar: A Study of the Closing Events of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Portu Novo: Yale University Press .
• Drews, Robert (October 1974). "Sargon, Cyrus, and Mesopotamian Folk History". Journal of Near Eastern Studies 33 (4): 387–393 
• Harmatta, J. (1971). "The Rise of the Old Persian Empire: Cyrus the Grea". Acta Antiquo 19: 3–15 .
• Kuhrt, Amelie. 2007. Ancient Near Eastern History: The Case of Cyrus the Great of Persia. In Understanding the History of Ancient Israel, ed. Hugh Godfrey Maturin Williamson. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, 107–128. ISBN 978-0-19-726401-0.
• Lawrence, John M. (1985). "Cyrus: Messiah, Politician, and General". Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin. n.s. 25: 5–28 .
• Lawrence, John M. (1982). "Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian Attitudes Towards Foreigners and Their Religion". Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin. n.s. 19: 27–40 .
• Mallowan, Max (1972). "Cyrus the Great (558-529 BC)". Iran 10: 1–17 .
• Wiesehöfer, Josef (1996). Ancient Persia : from 550 BC to 650 AD. Azizeh Azodi, conv.. Londinii: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-85043-999-0 
• Jovy, Alexander (2012). I am Cyrus: The story of the real Prince of Persia. Reading: Garnet Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85964-281-8 .

• Architectura Achaemenida
• Cyrus Magnus in Alcorano
• Historia Iraniae
• Immortales (Imperium Persicum)
• Irania Maior
• 7209 Cyrus

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Cyrum spectant.

Vicicitatio habet citationes quae ad Cyrus II (rex Persarum) spectant.

Vide Cyrus in Victionario.

Lexica biographica:  • Большая российская энциклопедия • Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana • Deutsche Biographie • Store norske leksikon

• Cylindrus Cyri, apud www.livius.org.
• Cyrus Magnus, apud www.iranchamber.com (Iran Chamber Society).
• Imago Panoramica: Sepulcrum Cyri Magni,^{[nexus deficit]} apud gravity.ir.
• Xenophon. Cyropaedia: the education of Cyrus, ab Henrico Graham Dakyns conversa, et ab F. M. Stawell retractata, apud www.gutenberg.org (Propositum Gutenbergianum).