北極
北極者，地球之極北，即地軸之北點也，眾子午線聚之，北緯九十度之所，名曰北極點。於極點四顧，皆南方也。北辰居乎正天。
環極點之地，謂曰「北極地方」，皆為瀚海，堅冰封之，名曰白令海，常年寒風凛烈。有北極光見焉，絢麗尤甚，綺乎有可觀者。
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