Elektromagnetiese Straling
Elektromagnetiese straling is 'n alomteenwoordige verskynsel wat die vorm van selfvoortplantende golwe in 'n vakuum of in materie neem.
Dit bestaan uit komponente van elektriese en magnetiese velde, wat in fase loodreg op mekaar ossilleer en loodreg tot die rigting van energievoortplanting. Verskillende soorte elektromagnetiese straling word onderskei op basis van die golf se frekwensie: hulle is (in volgorde van toenemende frekwensie en afnemende golfhoogte), radiogolwe, mikrogolwe, terahertz-straling, infrarooistraling, sigbare lig, ultravioletstraling, x-strale en gammastrale. Sommige van die frekwensies kan deur sommige lewendige organismes met die oog waargeneem word, hulle staan as die sigbare spektrum of lig bekend.
| Ligvergelyking | |||||||
| Naam | Golflengte | Frekwensie (Hz) | Fotonenergie (eV) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gammastraal | Minder as 0,01 nm | Meer as 10 EHz | 124 keV – 300+ GeV | ||||
| X-straal | 0,01 nm – 10 nm | 30 EHz – 30 PHz | 124 eV – 124 keV | ||||
| Ultraviolet | 10 nm – 380 nm | 30 PHz – 790 THz | 3,3 eV – 124 eV | ||||
| Sigbare lig | 380 nm–700 nm | 790 THz – 430 THz | 1,7 eV – 3,3 eV | ||||
| Infrarooi | 700 nm – 1 mm | 430 THz – 300 GHz | 1,24 meV – 1,7 eV | ||||
| Mikrogolf | 1 mm – 1 meter | 300 GHz – 300 MHz | 1,24 µeV – 1,24 meV | ||||
| Radiogolf | 1 m – 100 000 km | 300 GHz – 3 Hz | 12,4 feV – 1,24 meV | ||||
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