Ntivo-Vuhleketi
Ntivo-vuhleketi (kusuka eka Xigriki φιλοσοφία, philosophia, leswi vulaka Kurhandza vuthlarhi) i tidyondzo ta mintlimbo leyi yelanaka na vutomi, vutivi, miehleketo na tindzimi.
Rito leri ringava risimekiwe hi Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BCE). Maendlele ya Filosofi mahlanganisa kuvutisa, kuvulavurisana loku enteke, minjekanjekiswano yo vulavula na mavekele ya timhaka hi ku ololoka. Swivutiso swa Filosofi swakhale swi hlanganisa: Xana swakoteka ku tiva nchumu wokarhi uthlela usekela vutivi byebyo? Incini lexi ngakona hakunene? Hambi swiritano, vafilosofa vanga ha vutisa swivutiso lesw khomekaka swofana na: Xana hiyona ndlela leyi nene yo hanya? Xana swa antswa ku lulama kumbe ku homboloka? Xana vanhu vana kuti langela loku ntsuxekeke?
Hikuya himatimu, "Ntivo-vuhleketi" yi hlanganisa vutivi hinkwabyo. Kusukela eka nkarhi wa khale ka n'wa Ntivo-vuhleketi wa mugriki Aristotle ku fikela eka lembe xidzana ra vu 19, "Ntivo-vuhleketi ya ntumbuluko" yihlanganise Ntivo-tinyeleti, Vutshunguri na Fiziksi.
Mintshaho
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