矢

Stroke order

Han character edit

See images of
Radical 111 矢

矢 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人大 (OK), four-corner 8043₀, composition ⿱𠂉大 or ⿰㇒天)

1. Kangxi radical #111, ⽮.

Derived characters edit

• Appendix:Chinese radical/矢
• 𠤑, 𠱈, 垁, 𭜟, 𪭨, 𪵳, 𨒔, 𪰕, 䀢, 䂠, 䛈, 聅, 䠶, 鉃, 𩶇, 𫨸, 𦘗, 雉, 𩲶, 鴙
• 𭰋, 𥿅, 𠤕, 𡧦, 㞺, 𫶬, 䒨, 𪰖, 𤼩, 𬐇, 𬙜, 笶, 医, 𡱁, 𢨻, 𢇻, 疾, 𤕺, 𪊢, 𨴊
• 侯, 候, 㑨, 族, 𨕀, 彘

See also edit

• 弓, 疑
• 至, which in early writing resembles 矢 pointing downward to the ground.

References edit

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 823, character 34
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23929
• Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2580, character 1
• Unihan data for U+77E2

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 矢
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – an arrow. More recognizable in older forms.

Etymology 1 edit

arrow

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d/s-ləj (“bow (weapon); slingshot”); cognate with Burmese လေး (le:, “bow; crossbow”), Mizo li (“spring (as of gun, watch, etc.)”), Japhug tɯdi (“bow”), zdi (“arrow”), Tangut 𘎗 (*lhjɨ̣¹, “bow”), 𗮆 (*ljị¹, “arrow”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2013; Jacques, 2014; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).

to swear, to vow

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From sense "arrow"?”)

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

矢

1. (Classical, archery, weaponry) arrow

   • 周道如砥，其直如矢。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zhōu dào rú dǐ, qí zhí rú shǐ. [Pinyin]

     The way to Zhou was like a whetstone,
     And straight as an arrow.

2. to vow; to swear

   • 夫子矢之曰：「予所否者，天厭之，天厭之！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夫子矢之曰：「予所否者，天厌之，天厌之！」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

     Fūzǐ shǐ zhī yuē: “Yú suǒ pǐ zhě, tiān yǎn zhī, tiān yǎn zhī!” [Pinyin]

     [T]he Master swore, saying, "Wherein I have done improperly, may Heaven reject me! may Heaven reject me!"

Synonyms edit

• (arrow):

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

矢

1. Alternative form of 屎 (“excrement; poop”)

   石矢 [Cantonese]  ―  sek⁶ si² [Jyutping]  ―  concrete (alternative form of 石屎 (sek⁶ si²))

   • 夫愛馬者，以筐盛矢，以蜄盛溺。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夫爱马者，以筐盛矢，以蜄盛溺。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Fú ài mǎ zhě, yǐ kuāng chéng shǐ, yǐ shèn chéng nì. [Pinyin]

     Those again who are fond of horses preserve their dung in baskets, and their urine in jars (made from large clamshell).

   • 廉將軍雖老，尚善飯；然與臣坐，頃之三遺矢矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     廉将军虽老，尚善饭；然与臣坐，顷之三遗矢矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Lián jiāngjūn suī lǎo, shàng shàn fàn; rán yǔ chén zuò, qǐngzhī sān yíshǐ yǐ. [Pinyin]

     General Lian, despite advanced age, has very good appetite. However, when conferring with me he had to excuse himself for toilet three times in a short while.

Compounds edit

References edit

• “矢”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Kanji edit

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. arrow

Readings edit

• Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kun: や (ya, 矢, Jōyō); さ (sa, 矢)
• Nanori: ただ (tada); ただし (tadashi); ちこう (chikō)^{←ちかう (tikau, historical)}; なお (nao)^{←なほ (nafo, historical)}

Compounds edit

Usage notes edit

Used in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨si⟩.

Alternative forms edit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

矢

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Arrow

Wikipedia

• 箭

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Japanese. Found in the Kojiki of 712 CE, and in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE.^[1]

Pronunciation edit

• (Tokyo) や​ [yáꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [ja̠]

Noun edit

矢(や) • (ya) 

1. (archery, weaponry) an arrow

   光(こう)陰(いん)矢(や)の如(ごと)し。

   Kōin ya no gotoshi.

   Shine and shadow, just like an arrow. → Time flies like an arrow.

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 3, poem 364:
     , text here

     大夫(ますらを)之(の)弓(ゆ)上(ずゑ)振(ふり)起(おこし)射都流(いつる)矢(や)乎(を)後(のち)将見(みむ)人(ひと)者(は)語(かたり)継(つぐ)金(がね) [Man'yōgana]

     ますらをの弓(ゆ)末(ずゑ)振(ふ)り起(おこ)し射(い)つる矢(や)を後(のち)見(み)む人(ひと)は語(かた)り継(つ)ぐがね [Modern spelling]

     masurao no yuzue furiokoshi itsuru ya o nochi mimu hito wa kataritsugu gane

     (please add an English translation of this example)

2. a wedge used to break hard objects such as wood or stone
3. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of arrows

Coordinate terms edit

• 弓(ゆみ) (yumi, “bow”)

Derived terms edit

Proper noun edit

矢(や) • (Ya) 

1. a place name

Etymology 2 edit

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.^[3]

Possibly cognate with Old Japanese-derived 幸 (sachi, “a hunting implement”) and Korean 살 (sal, “arrow”).

This reading does not appear to be used in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): [sa̠]

Noun edit

矢(さ) • (sa) 

1. (obsolete) an arrow
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4430:
     , text here

     阿良之乎乃(あらしをの)伊乎(いを)佐(さ)太波佐美(たはさみ)牟可比多知(むかひたち)可奈流麻之都美(かなるましづみ)伊埿弖登阿我久流(いでてとあがくる) [Man'yōgana]

     荒(あら)し男(を)のいをさ手(た)挟(はさ)み向(むか)ひ立(た)ちかなるましづみ出(い)でてと我(あ)が来(く)る [Modern spelling]

     arasi-wo no iwo-sa tapasami mukapi-tati kanaruma sidumi idete to a ga kuru

     (please add an English translation of this example)

Derived terms edit

• 戦(いくさ), 軍(いくさ) (ikusa)
• 投(な)ぐる矢(さ)の (naguru sa no, pillow word)

References edit

Noun edit

矢 (transliteration needed) (khi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Related terms edit

• 矢关 (“khitai”)

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation edit

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɕʰi]
• Phonetic hangul: [시]

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

矢

Wikisource

矢 (eumhun 화살 시 (hwasal si))

1. Hanja form^? of 시 (“arrow”).

Han character edit

矢: Hán Nôm readings: thỉ, tẻ, thẻ, yêu, tử, tủ, tú, siệu

Noun edit

矢

1. chữ Hán form of thỉ (“arrow”).
2. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References edit

• Nom Foundation
• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999