知

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character edit

知 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人大口 (OKR), four-corner 8640₀, composition ⿰矢口)

Derived characters edit

• 倁, 𢯙, 𫪦, 𢔊, 𢛍, 𣶱, 𨔓, 椥, 蜘, 踟, 𩸴, 𰁆, 𣔇, 𭹖, 𥏯, 䓡, 痴, 𥯌, 𢜔, 智, 㲛, 聟, 䝷, 䣽, 鼅, 𣊋, 䵹

Descendants edit

• ち (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)

References edit

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 824, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23935
• Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2581, character 2
• Unihan data for U+77E5

Glyph origin edit

Originally the same character as 智, used interchangeably. In oracle bone inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“adult”) + 口 (“mouth”) + 子 (“child”) – to transmit knowledge. In the Warring States period, 大 corrupted into 矢 (OC *hliʔ) and became a sound component. In Western Han script the component 子 started being dropped, arriving at the modern form.

Etymology edit

The two pronunciations are cognate. The word is possibly of Sino-Tibetan origin, compare Mizo hria, hriat (“to know”), Jingpho chye (“to know”), Tibetan རིག (rig, “to know”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 智 (OC *ʔl'es).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Definitions edit

知

1. to know; to understand; to comprehend

   知人知面不知心  ―  zhī rén zhī miàn bù zhī xīn  ―  One may know a person for a long time without understanding his true nature

   我唔知。 [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  ngo⁵ m⁴ zi¹. [Jyutping]  ―  I don't know.

   • 「亢」之為言也，知進而不知退，知存而不知亡，知得而不知喪。其唯聖人乎！知進退存亡而不失其正者，其唯聖人乎！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     「亢」之为言也，知进而不知退，知存而不知亡，知得而不知丧。其唯圣人乎！知进退存亡而不失其正者，其唯圣人乎！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE

     “kàng” zhī wéi yán yě, zhī jìn ér bù zhī tuì, zhī cún ér bù zhī wáng, zhī dé ér bù zhī sàng. Qí wéi shèngrén hū! Zhī jìntuìcúnwáng ér bù shī qí zhèng zhě, qí wéi shèngrén hū! [Pinyin]

     The force of that phrase - 'exceeding the proper limits' - indicates the knowing to advance but not to retire; to maintain but not to let perish to get but not to lose. He only is the sage who knows to advance and to retire, to maintain and to let perish; and that without ever acting incorrectly. Yes, he only is the sage!

   • 子曰：「由！誨女知之乎？知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「由！诲女知之乎？知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yuē: “Yóu! Huì rǔ zhì zhī hū? Zhī zhī wéi zhī zhī, bù zhī wéi bù zhī, shì zhì yě.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, "You, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it - this is knowledge."

2. ^† to cause to know; to tell; to inform

   通知  ―  tōngzhī  ―  to inform

3. ^† to administer; to take charge of

   知縣／知县  ―  zhīxiàn  ―  governor of a county

   知客  ―  zhīkè  ―  receptionist at a ceremony

4. ^† to distinguish
5. ^† to appreciate
6. ^† to be close friends; close friends

   知己  ―  zhījǐ  ―  close friend

   知友  ―  zhīyǒu  ―  close friend

7. ^† to perceive
8. ^† to participate in; to have a hand in
9. (Hakka, including Changting, Xiaosanjiang, Shicheng) to hear; to listen
10. ^† knowledge

    求知  ―  qiúzhī  ―  to seek knowledge

    無知／无知  ―  wúzhī  ―  ignorant

11. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 知 (MC trje)

Synonyms edit

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Definitions edit

知

1. ^† Original form of 智 (zhì, “knowing, wisdom, intelligence”).

   • 子曰：「由！誨女知之乎？知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「由！诲女知之乎？知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yuē: “Yóu! Huì rǔ zhì zhī hū? Zhī zhī wéi zhī zhī, bù zhī wéi bù zhī, shì zhì yě.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, "You, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it - this is knowledge."

Compounds edit

References edit

• “知”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Alternative forms edit

• 智 (non-daiyōji)

Kanji edit

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. to know
2. wisdom

Readings edit

• Go-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
• Kun: しる (shiru, 知る, Jōyō); しらせる (shiraseru, 知らせる)
• Nanori: さとる (satoru); とも (tomo); さとし (satoshi); さとり (satori); ちか (chika); ちさき (chisaki); つかさ (tsukasa); ともこ (tomoko)

Compounds edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 智 (MC trjeH).

Pronunciation edit

• (Tokyo) ち​ [chíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕi]

Noun edit

知(ち) • (chi) 

1. wisdom

References edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation edit

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕi]
• Phonetic hangul: [지]

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

知

Wikisource

知 (eumhun 알 지 (al ji))

1. Hanja form^? of 지 (“know”).

Compounds edit

• 知人 (지인, ji-in): acquaintance
• 知識 (지식, ji-sik) : knowledge

Han character edit

知: Hán Việt readings: tri, trí
知: Nôm readings: tri, trơ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.