所

Stroke order

Stroke order (Japan)

Stroke order

Alternative forms edit

Note different composition due to different forms of 戶, namely 户 (in some Japanese fonts more resembles 戸).

Han character edit

所 (Kangxi radical 63, 戶+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸竹一中 (HSHML), four-corner 7222₁, composition ⿰戶斤 (GTK) or ⿰戸斤(J))

Derived characters edit

• 𢯢 𣷲 𱡥 齭 乺 㫹 𢀦

Descendants edit

• 𛁘

References edit

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 415, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11715
• Dae Jaweon: page 760, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2259, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6240

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 所
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰraʔ) : phonetic 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”) – the sound of logging (the definition given in Shuowen).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-ra (“place”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

Baxter and Sagart (2014) relates it to 處 (OC *t.qʰaʔ, “to be at”), 處 (OC *t.qʰaʔ-s, “place”), 許 (OC *qʰ(r)aʔ, “place”).

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

所

1. (in compounds) place; location

   住所  ―  zhùsuǒ  ―  residence

   廁所／厕所  ―  cèsuǒ  ―  toilet

   哨所  ―  shàosuǒ  ―  (military) post

2. establishment for a particular function; institution

   派出所  ―  pàichūsuǒ  ―  local police station

   所長／所长  ―  suǒzhǎng  ―  head of an establishment

   病毒所  ―  bìngdú suǒ  ―  institute of virology

   • 反過來，《計算機世界》那邊的業務，所裡的其他部門能夠解決的，如報紙的排版、市場研究等，就在所裡做了，這樣有利於調整分配格局，不斷地提高全體職工的收入。 [MSC, trad.]
     反过来，《计算机世界》那边的业务，所里的其他部门能够解决的，如报纸的排版、市场研究等，就在所里做了，这样有利于调整分配格局，不断地提高全体职工的收入。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2002, 蒋青, 《新媒体征战》, page 58

     Fǎnguòlái, “Jìsuànjī Shìjiè” nàbiān de yèwù, suǒ lǐ de qítā bùmén nénggòu jiějué de, rú bàozhǐ de páibǎn, shìchǎng yánjiū děng, jiù zài suǒ lǐ zuò le, zhèyàng yǒu lì yú tiáozhěng fēnpèi géjú, bùduàn dì tígāo quántǐ zhígōng de shōurù. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. Classifier for buildings, schools, hospitals, etc. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
4. Prefix attached to verbs to form noun phrases, indicating the patient of the verb, similar to a passive participle.

   所以  ―  suǒyǐ  ―  what one uses; what one relies on; means > the reason why > therefore

   所得  ―  suǒdé  ―  income (literally, "what is gained")

   所見即所得／所见即所得  ―  suǒjiànjísuǒdé  ―  what you see is what you get

   所長／所长  ―  suǒcháng  ―  forte (what one is good at)

   無所謂／无所谓  ―  wúsuǒwèi  ―  to be irrelevant (literally, "to not [have or be] what one can refer to [as]")

   你所用的電腦／你所用的电脑  ―  nǐ suǒ yòng de diànnǎo  ―  the computer used by you

   不知所云  ―  bùzhī suǒ yún  ―  do not know what is said

   • 令尹子庚，殹民之所亟。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: c. 558–552 BCE, 王子午鼎, 集成2811

     Lìngyǐn Zǐgēng, 殹 mín zhī suǒ jí. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 所見異辭，所聞異辭，所傳聞異辭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     所见异辞，所闻异辞，所传闻异辞。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE

     Suǒ jiàn yì cí, suǒ wén yì cí, suǒ chuánwén yì cí. [Pinyin]

     Different phrasings were applied to what was witnessed, what was learned, and what was transmitted via tradition.

   • 西伯將出獵，卜之，曰「所獲非龍非彨非虎非羆；所獲霸王之輔」。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     西伯将出猎，卜之，曰「所获非龙非彨非虎非罴；所获霸王之辅」。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Xībó jiāng chū liè, bǔ zhī, yuē “suǒhuò fēi lóng fēi chī fēi hǔ fēi pí; suǒhuò bàwáng zhī fǔ.” [Pinyin]

     The Western Count, about to go out on a hunt, divined it; it is said: "What will be caught will be neither horned dragon, nor hornless dragon, nor tiger, nor brown bear. Who will be gained will be an aide to hegemons and kings."

5. Used with 為／为 (wéi) or 被 (bèi) to form the passive voice.

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Others:

• → Vietnamese: thửa

Further reading edit

• “所”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[4], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Shinjitai	所
Kyūjitai [1]	所󠄁 所+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	所󠄃 所+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji edit

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

• Go-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)^{←しよ (syo, historical)}
• Kan-on: そ (so)
• Kun: ところ (tokoro, 所, Jōyō); とこ (toko, 所); と (to); く (ku); れる (reru, 所る); られる (rareru, 所れる); ばかり (bakari, 所り)
• Nanori: ところ (tokoro); ど (do); のぶ (nobu)

Compounds edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Chinese 所 (MC srjoX).

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): [ɕo̞]

Counter edit

所(しょ) • (-sho) 

1. places

Prefix edit

所(しょ) • (sho-) 

1. forms passive participles

Derived terms edit

Suffix edit

所(しょ) • (-sho) 

1. place

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

⟨to₂ko₂ro₂⟩ → /tokoro/

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.^[2] From Proto-Japonic *təkərə.

A surface analysis suggests that this could be an ancient compound of ⟨to₁⟩ (“place”, as in 跡 ⟨ato₁⟩, “footprint, track”, from “foot place, where one has stepped”) + ⟨ko₂⟩ (noun-forming suffixing element denoting “place”, as in ここ ⟨ko₂ko₂⟩, “here”, from “this place”) + ⟨ro₂⟩ (noun-forming suffixing element, apparently indicating within a general area, possibly as in 心 ⟨ko₂ko₂ro₂⟩, “heart, mind, emotions”, 頃 ⟨ko₂ro₂⟩, “general span of time, around a certain time”, うつろ ⟨uturo₂⟩, “hollowness, empty interior”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation edit

• (Tokyo) ところ [tòkóró] (Heiban – [0])^[3][4][5]
• (Tokyo) ところ​ [tòkóróꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[4][5]
• IPA^(key): [to̞ko̞ɾo̞]

The odaka version is used when:

• it is preceded by a modifier, such as in 山田さんの所に (Yamada-san no tokoro ni, “at Yamada-san's place”)
• it appears as a grammatical element, such as in ところが (tokoro ga, “however”) or ところで (tokoro de, “by the way”)

Noun edit

所(ところ) • (tokoro) 

1. a place, a scene, a site; an address

   遠(とお)い所(ところ)に行(い)ってみたい。

   Tōi tokoro ni itte mitai.

   I want to go to a faraway place.

   あの窓(まど)のところにいる人(ひと)は誰(だれ)？

   Ano mado no tokoro ni iru hito wa dare?

   Who is the person by that window?

   嫌(いや)なところを直(なお)す

   iya na tokoro o naosu

   to change the unpleasant part/aspect (of one's personality)

2. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

   現在(げんざい)のところ対応(たいおう)しておりません

   genzai no tokoro taiō shite orimasen

   currently unsupported

3. a state of being
   1. (after a plain verb) about to

      映(えい)画(が)を見(み)に行(い)くところだった。

      Eiga o mi ni iku tokoro datta.

      I was about to go to a movie.

      忘(わす)れるところだった。

      Wasureru tokoro datta.

      I was on the brink of forgetting.

   2. (after a verb in the past tense) just

      駅(えき)に着(つ)いたところです。

      Eki ni tsuita tokoro desu.

      I just arrived at the station.

   3. (after a verb in the progressive ている) indicates the current state, or how you have progressed so far in a chain of actions

      今(いま)、敬(けい)語(ご)を勉(べん)強(きょう)しているところです。[5]

      Ima, keigo o benkyō shite iru tokoro desu.

      I'm now learning polite language.

   4. (after a verb in the past tense) at that point in time, upon

      調(しら)べたところ何(なに)も見(み)つからなかった。

      Shirabeta tokoro nanimo mitsukaranakatta.

      Upon looking into it, I found nothing.

4. (literary, calque of Literary Chinese 所 (suǒ)) Attaches to verbs to form noun phrases, meaning the object of that verb.

   望(のぞ)むところだ。

   Nozomu tokoro da.

   Just what I wanted. (said in response to an opponent's proposed challenge)

   己(おのれ)の欲(ほっ)せざる所(ところ)、人(ひと)に施(ほどこ)すこと勿(なか)れ

   Onore no hossezaru tokoro, hito ni hodokosu koto nakare

   What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others (kundoku form of 己所不欲，勿施於人)

Derived terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

Listed in some sources as an abbreviation of tokoro above.^[6][3][7] However, this is also listed as cognate with 床 (toko, “raised area; bed”),^[6] which term already appears in use as far back as the Kojiki (712 CE), one of the oldest Japanese texts.^[8]

Pronunciation edit

• (Tokyo) とこ​ [tòkóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[3][5]
• (Tokyo) とこ [tòkó] (Heiban – [0])^[3]
• IPA^(key): [to̞ko̞]

Noun edit

所(とこ) • (toko) 

1. (informal, spoken) Alternative form of 所 (tokoro)

Etymology 4 edit

⟨to₁⟩ → /*t^wo/ → /to/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *to. Appears mainly as an affixing element indicating place, as in 後 (ato, “after; behind; the back of something”), from 跡 (ato, “footprint, track”), itself a compound of 足 (a, “foot”) + 所 (to, “place”); or in 留まる (todomaru, “to stop in a place”), itself a compound of と (to, “place”) + とまる (tomaru, “to stop”).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “See talk.”)

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): [to̞]

Affix edit

所(と) • (to) 

1. place

Derived terms edit

References edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation edit

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰo̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [소]

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

所

Wikisource

所 (eumhun 바 소 (ba so))

1. Hanja form^? of 소 (“place”).

Compounds edit

• 파출소 (派出所, pachulso, “local police station”)
• 장소 (場所, jangso, “place”)
• 저장소 (貯藏所, jeojangso, “storage”)
• 휴게소 (休憩所, hyugeso, “roadside service area”)

Kanji edit

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

• On (unclassified): しゅ (shu)
• Kun: とぅくる (tukuru, 所)

Compounds edit

Noun edit

所(とぅくる) (tukuru) 

1. area, location, spot

Suffix edit

所(しゅ) (-shu) 

1. place, field

Han character edit

所: Hán Nôm readings: sỡ, sở, sớ, sửa, thửa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.