重

Stroke order

Han character edit

重 (Kangxi radical 166, 里+2, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹十田土 (HJWG), four-corner 2010₄, composition ⿱千里)

Derived characters edit

• 偅, 喠, 堹, 媑, 𡥿, 尰, 𰃏, 𡺍, 㡖, 㣫, 揰, 湩, 隀, 𬁇, 腫(肿), 㮔, 歱, 煄, 𤚏, 𨔝, 𫯰, 𬎮, 畽, 𥏱, 𥔧, 種(种), 緟(𫟆), 𦩰, 蝩, 褈, 諥(𫍳), 𧼩, 踵, 𨉢, 鍾(锺/钟), 𡮵, 𫘐, 䱰(𩾋), 𩅞, 䵯, 𧰜, 動(动), 𤭮, 𥠭, 𨤯, 𠏳, 𡮶, 濌, 䳯, 𨤼, 衝(冲), 董, 𠽚, 瘇, 箽, 𨵮, 𡈈

References edit

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1291, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40132
• Dae Jaweon: page 1791, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3680, character 2
• Unihan data for U+91CD

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 重
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ, “bag”) – a man carrying a bag. A glyph 土 (“earth”) was later added to show that the bag-carrying man is standing on the ground. From this composition is the current form.

Etymology edit

Schuessler (2007) notes that the etymology is uncertain and compares the word to Burmese စုံ (cum, “to be sufficient; pair”), which STEDT puts under Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzum ~ tsum (“pair”).

Pronunciation 3 is the exoactive derivation of pronunciation 1.

Pronunciation 1 edit

Definitions edit

重

1. heavy

   Antonym: 輕／轻 (qīng)

   你個書包咁重嘅？ [Cantonese, trad.]
   你个书包咁重嘅？ [Cantonese, simp.]

   nei⁵ go³ syu¹ baau¹ gam³ cung⁵ ge²? [Jyutping]

   Why is your schoolbag so heavy?

2. weight

   一個蘋果重約100克。 [MSC, trad.]
   一个苹果重约100克。 [MSC, simp.]

   Yī ge píngguǒ zhòng yuē 100 kè. [Pinyin]

   An apple weighs about 100 g on average.

3. deep; grave; serious; severe

   重罰／重罚  ―  zhòng fá  ―  to punish severely

   傷勢很重／伤势很重  ―  shāngshì hěn zhòng  ―  to be seriously wounded

   奶味重了些。  ―  Nǎi wèi zhòng le xiē.  ―  It's a bit too milky.

4. considerable (in amount)

Synonyms edit

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Definitions edit

重

1. weight
2. weighty; important

   重任  ―  zhòngrèn  ―  important task

3. grave; serious
4. solemn

   隆重  ―  lóngzhòng  ―  grand; solemn

   莊重／庄重  ―  zhuāngzhòng  ―  solemn; serious

5. prudent
6. to respect; to attach importance to

   重義輕利／重义轻利  ―  zhòngyìqīnglì  ―  to value righteousness and care little for material gain

   • 俗尚廉恥，人性和善少言，重佛法，域中並無宰殺。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     俗尚廉耻，人性和善少言，重佛法，域中并无宰杀。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 10, part 2

     Súshàng liánchǐ, rénxìng héshàn shǎo yán, zhòng fófǎ, yù zhōng bìng wú zǎishā. [Pinyin]

     Their traditional customs are integrity and decency; the people are good-natured and do not chatter idly, seriously respecting Buddhist law, and nothing is killed in the region.

7. (Cantonese) still

   alt. forms: 仲

   • 被單正話洗完番嚟都重濕濕地 [Cantonese, trad.]
     被单正话洗完番嚟都重湿湿地 [Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 157

     pei⁵ daan¹ zing³ waa⁶ sai² jyun⁴ faan¹ lai⁴ dou¹ zung⁶ sap¹ sap¹ dei⁶ [Jyutping]

     [T]he sheets have just now come back from being washed, and are a little damp.

   • 耶穌知到，就對佢哋話，做乜𢬿冇餅嚟議論呢，你哋重唔知到，唔明白咩，心中都重咁硬咩。 [Cantonese, trad.]
     耶稣知到，就对佢哋话，做乜𢬿冇饼嚟议论呢，你哋重唔知到，唔明白咩，心中都重咁硬咩。 [Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 1899, 馬可福音：中西字 [The Gospel according to St. Mark in English and Cantonese], page 36

     je⁴ sou¹ zi¹ dou³, zau⁶ deoi³ keoi⁵ dei⁶ waa⁶, zou⁶ mat¹ kaai⁵ mou⁵ beng² lai⁴ ji⁵ leon⁶ ne¹, nei⁵ dei⁶ zung⁶ m⁴ zi¹ dou³, m⁴ ming⁴ baak⁶ me¹, sam¹ zung¹ dou¹ zung⁶ gam³ ngaang⁶ me¹. [Jyutping]

     And when Jesus knew it, he said unto them, Why reason ye, becayse ye have no bread? perceive ye not yet, neither understand? have ye your heart yet hardened?

   • 多謝你咯，重有冇呢，
     重有啲，火頭嚟咯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
     多谢你咯，重有冇呢，
     重有啲，火头嚟咯。 [Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 1907, J. Dyer Ball, Cantonese Made Easy, page 4

     do¹ ze⁶ nei⁵ lok³, zung⁶ jau⁵ mou⁵ ne¹,
     zung⁶ jau⁵ di¹, fo² tau^4-2 lai⁴ lok³. [Jyutping]

     Thank you. Is there any more?
     There is. The cook has come.

8. (Cantonese) even more

   alt. forms: 仲

   • 個個重好 [Cantonese, trad.]
     个个重好 [Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 1864, William Lobscheid, Select Phrases and Reading Lessons in the Canton Dialect, page 11

     go² go³ zung⁶ hou² [Jyutping]

     That is better.

   • 女徒對心慈話、到嘵呢處、致知到我丈夫所遇著嘅、比較我哋重苦、因佢係獨自己喺呢處、我哋有幾個人同伴。 [Cantonese, trad.]
     女徒对心慈话、到哓呢处、致知到我丈夫所遇著嘅、比较我哋重苦、因佢系独自己喺呢处、我哋有几个人同伴。 [Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 1870, George H. Piercy, 《續天路歷程土話》, volume 4, page 6

     neoi⁵ tou⁴ deoi³ sam¹ ci⁴ waa⁶, dou³ hiu¹ ni¹ cyu³, zi³ zi¹ dou³ ngo⁵ zoeng⁶ fu¹ so² jyu⁶ zoek³ ge³, bei² gaau³ ngo⁵ dei⁶ zung⁶ fu², jan¹ keoi⁵ hai⁶ duk⁶ zi⁶ gei² hai² ni¹ cyu³, ngo⁵ dei⁶ jau⁵ gei² go³ jan⁴ tung⁴ bun⁶. [Jyutping]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms edit

Pronunciation 3 edit

Definitions edit

重

1. to repeat; to duplicate
2. to stack up; to pile up; to overlay
3. again; once more

   重逢  ―  chóngféng  ―  to meet again

   重做 [Cantonese]  ―  cung⁴ zou⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  to redo; to do again

   重建家園／重建家园  ―  chóngjiàn jiāyuán  ―  to rebuild one's home

4. Classifier for layers of an object.

   多重人格障礙／多重人格障碍  ―  duōchóngréngézhàng'ài  ―  multiple personality disorder

   • 兩岸猿聲啼不住，輕舟已過萬重山。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     两岸猿声啼不住，轻舟已过万重山。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 759, Li Bai, 早發白帝城

     Liǎng'àn yuán shēng tí bùzhù, qīngzhōu yǐ guò wàn chóng shān. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Compounds edit

Kanji edit

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

From Middle Chinese 重 (MC drjowngX); compare Mandarin 重 (zhòng):

• Go-on: じゅう (jū, Jōyō)^{←ぢゆう (dyuu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 重 (MC drjowng); compare Mandarin 重 (chóng):

• Go-on: じゅう (jū, Jōyō)^{←ぢゆう (dyuu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)

From native Japanese roots:

• Kun: え (e, 重, Jōyō)^{←へ (fe, 重, historical)}; かさなる (kasanaru, 重なる, Jōyō); かさねる (kasaneru, 重ねる, Jōyō); おも (omo, 重); おもい (omoi, 重い, Jōyō); おもなう (omonau, 重なう); おもり (omori, 重り); おもんずる (omonzuru, 重んずる); ほとんど (hotondo, 重んど)
• Nanori: あつ (atsu); あつし (atsushi); いかし (ikashi); え (e); おもし (omoshi); かさぬ (kasanu); かず (kazu); かたし (katashi); さね (sane); しげ (shige); しげし (shigeshi); しげる (shigeru); のぶ (nobu); ふさ (fusa)

Compounds edit