岩溶地貌
岩溶地貌（粵拼：ngaam4 jung4 dei6 maau6，Karst）係由溶得嘅岩石（例如石灰岩、白雲石同石膏）溶解而成嘅地形。佢嘅特點係帶有排水窿嘅地下排水系統。
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原理
雨水經過地球大氣層吸收咗二氧化碳（CO2）嗰陣，會形成導致岩溶特徵嘅碳酸。降雨到達地面之後，可能會穿過泥土，呢啲泥土因為泥土呼吸而產生咗額外嘅CO2。一啲溶咗嘅二氧化碳同水反應形成弱碳酸溶液，跟手溶解碳酸鈣。石灰岩溶解嘅主要反應順序如下：
H2O + CO2 → H2CO3 CaCO3 + H2CO3 → Ca2+ + 2 HCO3−
喺某啲特別條件底下，可能會起到第啲機制。導致硫酸形成嘅硫化物嘅氧化亦有可能係岩溶形成嘅腐蝕因素之一。當有氧（O2）嘅地表水滲入深層嘅岩溶系統嗰陣，佢哋會帶埋氧氣入面，呢啲氧氣同硫化物（硫鐵礦、氫硫化物形成硫酸（H2SO4）。硫酸然後同碳酸鈣反應，導致石灰石地層入面嘅侵蝕增加：
H2S + 2 O2 → H2SO4 (sulfide oxidation) H2SO4 + 2 H2O → SO2−4 + 2 H3O+ (sulfuric acid dissociation) CaCO3 + 2 H3O+ → Ca2+ + H2CO3 + 2 H2O (calcium carbonate dissolution) Ca2+ + SO42- → CaSO4 (formation of calcium sulfate) CaSO4 + 2 H2O → CaSO4 · 2 H2O (formation of gypsum)
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