祆教,又曰瑣羅亞斯德教、白頭教,亦為回教貶之曰拜火教,米底人瑣羅亞斯德之教也。教奉阿胡拉·馬茲達為獨一神,信善惡二元論,其源乃早於猶太教,為今存一神教之鼻祖也。其教源於古波斯,極盛時曾廣佈中東,亦於南北朝經西域傳入中原,興於唐、衰於宋。迨七世紀,阿拉伯滅波斯薩珊王朝,廢祆立回,中東之民多皈依回教,祆教由是漸衰,一蹶不振,雖仍存當世,但名勢大不如昔,現僅興於印度孟買一帶,中東伊朗等地偶有祆祠。
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