折射
折射者，物理現象也。波從一介面入另介面，輒折，是為折射也。
光折射，輒律於折射之律，又稱斯涅耳之律：入射角與折射角之正弦率，必同於二介面之速比率，亦同於其折射率之率。一介面之折射率愈大，其光速愈慢，光線入之之角愈近法線。
水之折射率大於氣之折射率，是故光線離水面必有折射。是以見物插於水時，水下之部似曲。
三棱鏡製虹亦用折射也。白光入三棱鏡，七色光微折，赤輕紫重。光離三棱鏡，可得虹，或稱色譜。此乃色散也。
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