禪宗,佛教之一種,開祖菩提達摩,天竺圣僧也。從賈船至中土,拜求那波陀羅下楞伽宗而師之。少林寺始之。
學成,梁武帝聞之而慕,乃詔見,欲知己修僧舍,成仁美,供奉勤,功德何如,祖師一語道破帝偽,遂不見容,乃一葦渡江,如嵩山面壁九年,始得傳人,以下次第:二祖慧可,三祖僧璨、四祖道信、五祖弘忍、六祖慧能(北宗則神秀大師),七祖菏澤(或云禪宗無七祖者,然時北宗以無遮大會敗北,天下皆以慧能為正統。)
禪宗,不立文字,見性成佛,悟後起修,遂有公案,錄諸人頓悟言行。
五祖弘忍年事高,患衣缽之不傳,乃命弟子慧能,神秀作偈而呈,以定宗門。如下:
五祖善慧能之偈,乃傳衣缽焉,受命南歸,神秀去北,弘揚漸悟法門。
圭峰宗密分禪五等,次第如是:外道禪、凡夫禪、小乘禪、大乘禪、最上乘禪,法門嘗有數息法,觀心法,圓覺法,禪定者,“觀身不淨,觀受是苦,觀心無常,觀法無我。”謂之四念處觀
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