Tutlayt Tamaziɣt Tamzwarut

Tkka tt inn tga yat tutlayt tafrusyawit, ayann a f gant tutlayin timaziɣin lli d zgis ffɣnin istis n ɛmmis n tutlayt tamiṣrit d tutlayin tikuciyin d tutlayin tisamiyin d tutlayin titcadiyin d tutlayin tumuṭiyin.

Tṭṭaf tutlayt Tamaziɣt Tamzwarut kra n tɣawsiwin nna ur illin ɣ tutlayin tifrusyawiyin yaḍnin, macc tutlayin timaziɣin n ɣil ad mmrwasnt bahra ɣ ingratsn. Tbayn d tutlayt tamaziɣt tamzwarut ɣar 3000 isggʷasn aya mqqar tbḍa f Tutlayin tifrusyawiyint gr 9000 d 10,000 n isggʷasn aya. Iɣ d-nucka ad nẓṛ mad tettini tussna n usmzazal n tutlayin d umzruy, rad imassann nnan mas tzri tutlayt ad f sin tikliwin n tmhazt, ad tn igan:

• Tamaziɣt tamzwarut 1 (PB1) nna yumann kra n 7000 n isggʷasn aya.
• Tamaziɣt tamzwarut 2 (PB2) tad tga illis n (PB1), d nttat a ɣ d uckant akkʷ tutlayin timaziɣin lli sul illan ɣil-ad.

Ɣ tasut tis 30 dat n tlalit n Ɛisa, bḍan middn lli sawalnin s tmaziɣt tamzwarut ɣ tfriqt n ugafa gr Lmɣrib d Miṣra. Ɣ tasut tis 10 dat ad iggz Ɛisa, ijṛa yan ttawassuɛ yaḍn nttan ad aɣ iskrn ma mi nttini ɣila igdudn imaziɣn lli nn izmmimn ɣ dar irumiyn. Ijra ttawassuɛ iggʷran ɣ yifḍ d kra ḍart Ɛisa, lliɣ nnucgn imuzaɣ nɣ itwargiyn lli yumẓn ɣila tanzruft imqqurn n tfriqt lli mi nttini Ṣṣaḥra.

Allas n tuṣka

Allas n tuṣka n iẓmuẓẓal iqqburn n tmaziɣt ibidd f usmzazal d tutlayin tifrsyawanin yaḍnin ɣ mnnaw iẓmuẓẓal, ibdd daɣ f usmzazal gr timzarayin n tutlayin timaziɣin titrarin nɣ d tmacaɣt nna igan, ɣ tannayt n kra n imrzutn zun d Prasse, tamzarayt lli bahra yaryn timẓlay n tmaziɣt tamzwarut.

Tasnmslit

Ɣ wallas n tuṣka n Kaṛl G. Pras d Martn Kuṣman, tamaziɣt tamzwarut kkan tt inn dars kraḍ iɣritn gzzulnin /ă/, /ĭ/, /ŭ/ d kkuẓ ɣzzifnin /ā/, /ī/, /ū/ d /ē/. Tugdutin nnsn ɣ tmaziɣt tatrart:

Tṭṭaf Tɣdimst d Tmacɣt yan uɣri yaḍnin /o/ nna irwas is iga tazzigzt zɣ /u/ s tmsasit n uɣri ɣ Tmacɣt, tkk d *aʔ ɣ Tɣdimst.

Tirgalin

Da ittals Kuṣman tuṣka i trgalin n Tmaziɣt Tamzwarut:

Mkda iga lḥal g tmaziɣin titrarin, tugt n trgalin n tmaziɣt tamzwarut ṭṭafnt tugdut tamsasit tussidt, gin imslitn *β d *ʔ islidn waḥdu tn.

Ɣ amant trgalin *ɟ d *g ẓlint g kra n tutlayin tijanatin:

Ɣmk ann d kra n *c n Tmaziɣt Tamzwarut lli ittggan k ɣ kra n tutlayin ur ginin n Tijanatin, ig š ɣ Tjanat (maca llan mnnawt tugdutin tirluganin).

S umdya, căm "kmm (unti asuf)" ar ittaɣul šəm. (Asnfl ad ar ittjṛu ɣ Tnfust d Tsiwit dɣ nttnti).

ɣ tutlayin Timaziɣin tigmuḍanin:

• dˤ → tˤ

*-əβ ɣ tmaziɣt taqqburt yaɣul d -i ɣ Tjanat (Taznatit). S umdya, *arəβ "ara" ar ittaɣul ari. (Asnlf ad ar ittjṛu ɣ kra n tmzarayin n waṭlas anammas, slawant akkʷ tantala n Iẓiyyan, ɣ Infusn d Tsiwit.)

Ɣar Taɣdimst d Twilant ka ad yaryn afunim n tmaziɣt tamzwarut *β am β; Ɣ tmaziɣin yaḍnin, ar tettaɣul h nɣ tafuḍ.

• Tifinaɣ
• Tutlayin timaziɣin
• Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin

Tinidlisn

• Allati, Abdelaziz (2002). Diachronie tamazighte ou berbere (en francés). Publications de L'Universite Abdelmalek Essaâdi. p. 296. ISBN 9981-61-015-1.
• Blench, R. (2006). Archaeology, language, and the African past. Rowman Altamira. p. 361. ISBN 0-7591-0466-2.
• Boukouss, Ahmed (2009). Phonologie de l'amazigh. Institut Royal de la Culture Amazigh. p. 445. ISBN 9954-28-019-7. Archivado desde el original el 26 de noviembre de 2013.
• Ehret, Christopher (1995). Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian): vowels, tone, consonants, and vocabulary. University of California Press. p. 557. ISBN 0-520-09799-8.
• Heath, Jeffrey (2005). A grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali). Walter de Gruyter. p. 745. ISBN 3-11-018484-2.
• Heine, Bernd; Derek Nurse (2000). African languages: an introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 396. ISBN 0-521-66629-5.
• Kossmann, Maarten (2001a), «L'origine du vocalisme en zénaga de Mauritanie», en Ibriszimow, Dymitr; Vossen, Rainer, eds., Etudes berbères, pp. 89-95
• Kossmann, Maarten (2001b), «The Origin of the Glottal Stop in Zenaga and its Reflexes in the other Berber Languages», Afrika und Übersee 84: 61-100
• König, Christa (2008). Case in Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 343. ISBN 0-19-923282-2.
• Prasse, Karl G. (1972-1974). Manuel de grammaire touarègue (tăhăggart) 3. Copenhagen.

Izdayn n brra

• Proto-Berber etymologies (Alexander Militarev)
• Berber languages and Berber peoples: genetic and linguistic diversity
• Berber languages — PDF (4.2 MB)
• Proto-Berber kindship words — PDF (23.8 KB)