Vihara
Vihara atau wihara (bahaso Sansekerta: विहार Vihara) adolah sebutan bagi rumah ibadah umat Buddha di Indonesia.
Kadang dinamokan juo sabagai kuil. Di Indonesia, wihara jo kalenteng dapek sulik dibedakan dek alah umum tajadi sinkretisme antarao Buddha jo Konghucu, bahkan jo Taoisme.
Maso Orde Baru
Wihara di Indonesia kadang sulik dibedakan jo kalenteng. Kalenteng marupokan tampek ibadah panganuik Konghucu jo Taoisme. Nan mambuek kaduo tampek ibadah iko sulik dibedakan dek nan biaso pai ka wihara umumnyo urang Cino. Salain itu, ado juo sinkretisme antaro Buddha, Konghucu, jo Taoisme.
Wihara jo kalenteng mulonyo mampunyoi pabedaan dalam arsitektur, umaik, jo fungsinyo. Kalenteng pado umumnyo baarsitektur tradisional Cino dan difungsikan juo sabagai tampek aktivitas sosial masyarakaik salain fungssi spiritual. Samantaro hanyo sabagian wihara sajo nan mamakai arsitektur Cino, cando pado wihara umaik Buddha Mahayanan nan memang dari Cino. Pabedaan kaduonyo manjadi rancu dek peristiwa G30S pado taun 1965. Dampak dari peristiwa iko adolah palarangan kabudayaan Cino, tamasuak dalam masalah kapicayoan tradisional Cino, dek pamarintah Orde Baru. Kalenteng nan ado pado maso itu tarancam ditutuik sacaro paso. Banyak kalenteng nan kudian maadopsi istilah dari bahaso Sanskerta ataupun bahaso Pali, maubah namo sabagai Vihara dan mancatatkan surek izin dalam nauangan agamo Buddha supayo dapek baribadah.
Salapeh Orde Baru digantikan dek Orde Reformasi, banyak wihara nan kudian mangganti namo balik ka namo samulo nan tadanga cino dan labiah barani manyatokan diri sabagai kalenteng daripado wihara.
Rujuakan
Bacoan lanjutan
- Chakrabarti, D.K. (1995). Buddhist sites across South Asia as influenced by political and economic forces. World Archaeology 27(2): 185-202.
- Mitra, D. (1971). Buddhist Monuments. Sahitya Samsad: Calcutta. ISBN 0-89684-490-0.
- Tadgell, C. (1990). The History of Architecture in India. Phaidon: London. ISBN 1-85454-350-4.
- Khettry, Sarita (2006). Buddhism in North-Western India: Up to C. A.D. 650". R.N. Bhattacharya: Kolkata. ISBN 978-81-87661-57-3.
- Rajan, K.V. Soundara (1998). Rock-cut Temple Styles: Early Pandyan Art and The Ellora Shrines. Mumbai: Somaiya Publications. ISBN 81-7039-218-7.
Pautan lua
- (Inggirih) Lay Buddhist Practice: The Rains Residence Archived 2005-04-05 di Wayback Machine.
- (Inggirih) Mapping Buddhist Monasteries
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