Codex Geneticus
Codex geneticus est leges, a quibus data in materia genetica (sicut ADN vel ARN nuntiandi) scripta in proteina (id est linea acidorum aminicorum) cellulis translata sunt.
Ribosoma data in proteina secundum ordinem ab ARN nuntiandi (nARN) enumeratum moleculis ARN transferendi (tARN) transfert, quae acida aminica ferent nARNque ternis nucleotidis una legunt. Inter se organismi uno codice paene utuntur, qui tabulá sexaginta quattuor cellularum repraesentatur.
Codex definit, quomodo, cum proteinum componitur, unusquisque ordo nucleotidorum trium, nomine codon (-onis, n.)?, ex Anglice code (codex) et suffixo Graeco antiquo -ων, in acidum aminicum proprium convertit. Praeter pauca unum codon in unicum acidum aminicum convertit. Codex saepissime solitus, canonicus, vel simpliciter ille codex geneticus appellatur, quia paucis casibus exceptis omne genum eodem codice transfertur, quamquam natura aliquot codices varios evoluit. Per exemplum mitochondria in hominibus codice alio ac humano utuntur.
Tabula codonum (ARN)
| impolaris | polaris | basicum | acidicum | (codon desinendi) |
| basis prima | basis secunda | basis tertia | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | A | G | ||||||
| T | TTT | (Phe/F) Phenylalanina | TCT | (Ser/S) Serina | TAT | (Tyr/Y) Tyrosina | TGT | (Cys/C) Cysteina | T |
| TTC | TCC | TAC | TGC | C | |||||
| TTA | (Leu/L) Leucina | TCA | TAA | Desine (Silaceum) | TGA | Desine (Opalum) | A | ||
| TTG | TCG | TAG | Desine (Electrum) | TGG | (Trp/W) Tryptophana | G | |||
| C | CTT | CCT | (Pro/P) Prolina | CAT | (His/H) Histidina | CGT | (Arg/R) Arginina | T | |
| CTC | CCC | CAC | CGC | C | |||||
| CTA | CCA | CAA | (Gln/Q) Glutamina | CGA | A | ||||
| CTG | CCG | CAG | CGG | G | |||||
| A | ATT | (Ile/I) Isoleucina | ACT | (Thr/T) Threonina | AAT | (Asn/N) Asparagina | AGT | (Ser/S) Serina | T |
| ATC | ACC | AAC | AGC | C | |||||
| ATA | ACA | AAA | (Lys/K) Lysina | AGA | (Arg/R) Arginina | A | |||
| ATG | (Met/M) Methionina | ACG | AAG | AGG | G | ||||
| G | GTT | (Val/V) Valina | GCT | (Ala/A) Alanina | GAT | (Asp/D) Acidum Asparticum | GGT | (Gly/G) Glycina | T |
| GTC | GCC | GAC | GGC | C | |||||
| GTA | GCA | GAA | (Glu/E) Acidum Glutamicum | GGA | A | ||||
| GTG | GCG | GAG | GGG | G | |||||
Nexus interni
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