Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Saro siyang prominente sa lantad nin kasaysayan nin pilosopiya asin matematika. Bilang pilosopo, siya saro sa matibay na ngrepresentar kan 17th century rationalism.Bilang matematiko, an saiyang pinaka naakomplisyar iyo an pagpaurog nin mga ideya sa differential and integral calculus, iba man na kaisipan ki Isaac Newton.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Portrait by Christoph Bernhard Francke
Kamundagan	Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 1 July 1646 Leipzig, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire
Kagadanan	14 Nobyembre 1716(1716-11-14) (edad 70) Hanover, Electorate of Hanover, Holy Roman Empire
Nasyunalidad	German
Edukasyon	Alte Nikolaischule (de) (1655–1661) Leipzig University (1661–1666: B.A. in phil., Dec. 1662 M.A. in phil., Feb. 1664 LL.B., Sep. 1665 Dr. phil. hab., Mar. 1666) University of Jena (summer school, 1663) University of Altdorf (Dr. jur., November 1666)
Era	17th-/18th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Rationalism Pluralistic idealism Foundationalism Conceptualism Optimism Indirect realism Correspondence theory of truth Relationism
Theses	De Arte Combinatoria (On the Combinatorial Art) (March 1666) Disputatio Inauguralis de Casibus Perplexis in Jure (Inaugural Disputation on Ambiguous Legal Cases) (November 1666)
Doctoral advisor	Bartholomäus Leonhard von Schwendendörffer (de) (Dr. jur. thesis advisor)
Other academic advisors	Erhard Weigel (Jena) Jakob Thomasius (B.A. advisor) Christiaan Huygens
Notable students	Jacob Bernoulli (epistolary correspondent) Christian Wolff (epistolary correspondent)
Main interests	Mathematics, physics, geology, medicine, biology, embryology, epidemiology, veterinary medicine, paleontology, psychology, engineering, linguistics, philology, sociology, metaphysics, ethics, economics, diplomacy, history, politics, music theory, poetry, logic, theodicy, universal language, universal science
Notable ideas	Calculus Monads Best of all possible worlds Pre-established harmony Identity of indiscernibles Mathematical matrix Mathematical function Newton–Leibniz axiom Leibniz's notation Leibniz integral rule Integral symbol Leibniz harmonic triangle Leibniz's test Leibniz formula for π Leibniz formula for determinants Chain rule Quotient rule Product rule Leibniz wheel Leibniz's gap Algebra of concepts Vis viva (principle of conservation of energy) Principle of least action Salva veritate Stepped reckoner Symbolic logic/Boolean algebra Semiotics Analysis situs Principle of sufficient reason Law of Continuity Transcendental law of homogeneity Ars combinatoria (alphabet of human thought) Characteristica universalis Calculus ratiocinator Compossibility Problem of why there is anything at all Pluralistic idealism Metaphysical dynamism Relationism Apperception A priori/a posteriori distinction Deontic logic
Influences Scholasticism, Aristotle, Archimedes, Euclid, Apollonius of Perga, Plato, Suárez, Hugo Grotius, Ramon Llull, Confucius, Anne Conway, Descartes, Hobbes, Malebranche, Spinoza, Bossuet, Pascal
Influenced Berkeley, Platner, Voltaire, Hume, Wolff, Kant, Wiener, Riemann, Gibbon, Gauss, Lagrange, Euler, Boole, Newman, Peirce, Frege, Russell, Rousseau, Gödel, Tarski, Mandelbrot, Blondel, Heidegger, Deleuze, Wundt, Rescher, Rauschenbusch
Lagda

Citations

Mga Ginikanan

Mga Bibliograpiya

• Bodemann, Eduard, Die Leibniz-Handschriften der Königlichen öffentlichen Bibliothek zu Hannover, 1895, (anastatic reprint: Hildesheim, Georg Olms, 1966).
• Bodemann, Eduard, Der Briefwechsel des Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in der Königlichen öffentliche Bibliothek zu Hannover, 1895, (anastatic reprint: Hildesheim, Georg Olms, 1966).
• Ravier, Émile, Bibliographie des œuvres de Leibniz, Paris: Alcan, 1937 (anastatic reprint Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1966).
• Heinekamp, Albert and Mertens, Marlen. Leibniz-Bibliographie. Die Literatur über Leibniz bis 1980, Frankfurt: Vittorio Klostermann, 1984.
• Heinekamp, Albert and Mertens, Marlen. Leibniz-Bibliographie. Die Literatur über Leibniz. Band II: 1981–1990, Frankfurt: Vittorio Klostermann, 1996.

An updated bibliography of more than 25.000 titles is available at Leibniz Bibliographie.

Primary literature (chronologically)

• Wiener, Philip, (ed.), 1951. Leibniz: Selections. Scribner.
• Schrecker, Paul & Schrecker, Anne Martin, (eds.), 1965. Monadology and other Philosophical Essays. Prentice-Hall.
• Parkinson, G. H. R. (ed.), 1966. Logical Papers. Clarendon Press.
• Mason, H. T. & Parkinson, G. H. R. (eds.), 1967. The Leibniz-Arnauld Correspondence. Manchester University Press.
• Loemker, Leroy, (ed.), 1969 [1956]. Leibniz: Philosophical Papers and Letters. Reidel.
• Morris, Mary & Parkinson, G. H. R. (eds.), 1973. Philosophical Writings. Everyman’s University Library.
• Riley, Patrick, (ed.), 1988. Leibniz: Political Writings. Cambridge University Press.
• Niall, R. Martin, D. & Brown, Stuart (eds.), 1988. Discourse on Metaphysics and Related Writings. Manchester University Press.
• Ariew, Roger and Garber, Daniel. (eds.), 1989. Leibniz: Philosophical Essays. Hackett.
• Rescher, Nicholas (ed.), 1991. G. W. Leibniz’s Monadology. An Edition for Students, University of Pittsburgh Press.
• Rescher, Nicholas, On Leibniz, (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2013).
• Parkinson, G. H. R. (ed.) 1992. De Summa Rerum. Metaphysical Papers, 1675–1676. Yale University Press.
• Cook, Daniel, & Rosemont, Henry Jr., (eds.), 1994. Leibniz: Writings on China. Open Court.
• Farrer, Austin (ed.), 1995. Theodicy, Open Court.
• Remnant, Peter, & Bennett, Jonathan, (eds.), 1996 (1981). Leibniz: New Essays on Human Understanding. Cambridge University Press.
• Woolhouse, R. S., and Francks, R., (eds.), 1997. Leibniz's 'New System' and Associated Contemporary Texts. Oxford University Press.
• Woolhouse, R. S., and Francks, R., (eds.), 1998. Leibniz: Philosophical Texts. Oxford University Press.
• Ariew, Roger, (ed.), 2000. G. W. Leibniz and Samuel Clarke: Correspondence. Hackett.
• Richard T. W. Arthur, (ed.), 2001. The Labyrinth of the Continuum: Writings on the Continuum Problem, 1672–1686. Yale University Press.
• Richard T. W. Arthur, 2014. Leibniz. John Wiley & Sons.
• Robert C. Sleigh Jr., (ed.), 2005. Confessio Philosophi: Papers Concerning the Problem of Evil, 1671–1678. Yale University Press.
• Dascal, Marcelo (ed.), 2006. "G. W. Leibniz. The Art of Controversies’’, Springer.
• Strickland, Lloyd, 2006 (ed.). The Shorter Leibniz Texts: A Collection of New Translations. Continuum.
• Look, Brandon and Rutherford, Donald (eds.), 2007. The Leibniz-Des Bosses Correspondence, Yale University Press.
• Cohen, Claudine and Wakefield, Andre, (eds.), 2008. Protogaea. University of Chicago Press.
• Murray, Michael, (ed.) 2011. Dissertation on Predestination and Grace, Yale University Press.
• Strickand, Lloyd (ed.), 2011. Leibniz and the two Sophies. The Philosophical Correspondence, Toronto.
• Lodge, Paul (ed.), 2013. The Leibniz-De Volder Correspondence: With Selections from the Correspondence Between Leibniz and Johann Bernoulli, Yale University Press.
• Artosi, Alberto, Pieri, Bernardo, Sartor, Giovanni (eds.), 2014. Leibniz: Logico-Philosophical Puzzles in the Law, Springer.
• De Iuliis, Carmelo Massimo, (ed.), 2017. Leibniz: The New Method of Learning and Teaching Jurisprudence, Talbot, Clark NJ.

Secondary literature up to 1950

• Du Bois-Reymond, Emil, 1912. Leibnizsche Gedanken in der neueren Naturwissenschaft, Berlin: Dummler, 1871 (reprinted in Reden, Leipzig: Veit, vol. 1).
• Couturat, Louis, 1901. La Logique de Leibniz. Paris: Felix Alcan.
• Heidegger, Martin, 1983. The Metaphysical Foundations of Logic. Indiana University Press (lecture course, 1928).
• Lovejoy, Arthur O., 1957 (1936). "Plenitude and Sufficient Reason in Leibniz and Spinoza" in his The Great Chain of Being. Harvard University Press: 144–182. Reprinted in Frankfurt, H. G., (ed.), 1972. Leibniz: A Collection of Critical Essays. Anchor Books 1972.
• Mackie, John Milton; Guhrauer, Gottschalk Eduard, 1845. Life of Godfrey William von Plantilya:Notatypo. Gould, Kendall and Lincoln.
• Russell, Bertrand, 1900, A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz, Cambridge: The University Press.
• Smith, David Eugene (1929). A Source Book in Mathematics . New York and London: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. 
• Trendelenburg, F. A., 1857, "Über Leibnizens Entwurf einer allgemeinen Charakteristik," Philosophische Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Aus dem Jahr 1856, Berlin: Commission Dümmler, pp. 36–69.
• Ward, A. W., 1911. Leibniz as a Politician (lecture)

Secondary literature post-1950

• Adams, Robert Merrihew. 1994. Leibniz: Determinist, Theist, Idealist. New York: Oxford, Oxford University Press.
• Aiton, Eric J., 1985. Leibniz: A Biography. Hilger (UK).
• Maria Rosa Antognazza, 2008. Leibniz: An Intellectual Biography. Cambridge Univ. Press.
• Plantilya:BarrowTipler1986
• Bos, H. J. M. (1974). "Differentials, higher-order differentials and the derivative in the Leibnizian calculus". Archive for History of Exact Sciences 14: 1–90. doi:10.1007/bf00327456. 
• Brown, Stuart (ed.), 1999. The Young Leibniz and His Philosophy (1646–76), Dordrecht, Kluwer.
• Davis, Martin, 2000. The Universal Computer: The Road from Leibniz to Turing. WW Norton.
• Deleuze, Gilles, 1993. The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque. University of Minnesota Press.
• Fahrenberg, Jochen, 2017. PsyDok ZPID The influence of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz on the Psychology, Philosophy, and Ethics of Wilhelm Wundt.
• Fahrenberg, Jochen, 2020. Wilhelm Wundt (1832 – 1920). Introduction, Quotations, Reception, Commentaries, Attempts at Reconstruction. Pabst Science Publishers, Lengerich 2020, ISBN 978-3-95853-574-9.
• Finster, Reinhard & van den Heuvel, Gerd 2000. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Mit Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten. 4. Auflage. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg (Rowohlts Monographien, 50481), ISBN 3-499-50481-2.
• Grattan-Guinness, Ivor, 1997. The Norton History of the Mathematical Sciences. W W Norton.
• Hall, A. R., 1980. Philosophers at War: The Quarrel between Newton and Leibniz. Cambridge University Press.
• Hamza, Gabor, 2005. "Le développement du droit privé européen". ELTE Eotvos Kiado Budapest.
• Hoeflich, M. H. (1986). "Law & Geometry: Legal Science from Leibniz to Langdell". American Journal of Legal History 30 (2): 95–121. doi:10.2307/845705. 
• Hostler, John, 1975. Leibniz's Moral Philosophy. UK: Duckworth.
• Ishiguro, Hidé 1990. Leibniz's Philosophy of Logic and Language. Cambridge University Press.
• Jolley, Nicholas, (ed.), 1995. The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz. Cambridge University Press.
• Kaldis, Byron, 2011. Leibniz' Argument for Innate Ideas in Just the Arguments: 100 of the Most Important Arguments in Western Philosophy edited by M Bruce & S Barbone. Blackwell.
• Karabell, Zachary (2003). Parting the desert: the creation of the Suez Canal . Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-375-40883-0. 
• LeClerc, Ivor (ed.), 1973. The Philosophy of Leibniz and the Modern World. Vanderbilt University Press.
• Luchte, James (2006). "Mathesis and Analysis: Finitude and the Infinite in the Monadology of Leibniz". Heythrop Journal 47 (4): 519–543. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2265.2006.00296.x. http://luchte.wordpress.com/mathesis-and-analysis-finitude-and-the-infinite-in-the-monadology-of-leibniz/. 
• Mates, Benson, 1986. The Philosophy of Leibniz: Metaphysics and Language. Oxford University Press.
• Mercer, Christia, 2001. Leibniz's Metaphysics: Its Origins and Development. Cambridge University Press.
• Perkins, Franklin, 2004. Leibniz and China: A Commerce of Light. Cambridge University Press.
• Riley, Patrick, 1996. Leibniz's Universal Jurisprudence: Justice as the Charity of the Wise. Harvard University Press.
• Rutherford, Donald, 1998. Leibniz and the Rational Order of Nature. Cambridge University Press.
• Schulte-Albert, H. G. (1971). Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Library Classification. The Journal of Library History (1966–1972), (2). 133–152.
• Smith, Justin E. H., 2011. Divine Machines. Leibniz and the Sciences of Life, Princeton University Press.
• Wilson, Catherine, 1989. Leibniz's Metaphysics: A Historical and Comparative Study. Princeton University Press.
• Zalta, E. N. (2000). "A (Leibnizian) Theory of Concepts". Philosophiegeschichte und Logische Analyse / Logical Analysis and History of Philosophy 3: 137–183. doi:10.30965/26664275-00301008. http://mally.stanford.edu/Papers/leibniz.pdf. 

• Translations by Jonathan Bennett, of the New Essays, the exchanges with Bayle, Arnauld and Clarke, and about 15 shorter works.
• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz: Texts and Translations, compiled by Donald Rutherford, UCSD
• Leibnitiana, links and resources edited by Gregory Brown, University of Houston
• Philosophical Works of Leibniz translated by G.M. Duncan (1890)
• The Best of All Possible Worlds: Nicholas Rescher Talks About Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz's "Versatility and Creativity"
• "Protogæa" Archived 2020-08-01 at the Wayback Machine. (1693, Latin, in Acta eruditorum) – Linda Hall Library
• Protogaea Archived 2020-08-01 at the Wayback Machine. (1749, German) – full digital facsimile from Linda Hall Library
• Leibniz's (1768, 6-volume) Opera omnia Archived 2019-06-11 at the Wayback Machine. – digital facsimile
• Leibniz' arithmetical machine, 1710, online and analyzed on BibNum Archived 2017-07-24 at the Wayback Machine. [click 'à télécharger' for English analysis]
• Leibniz' binary numeral system, 'De progressione dyadica', 1679, online and analyzed on BibNum Archived 2017-07-24 at the Wayback Machine. [click 'à télécharger' for English analysis]

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