رياض

اهو پڻ رياض صوبي جي راڄڌاني ۽ رياض گورنري جو مرڪز آهي. ميٽروپوليس جو موجوده روپ سال 1950ع جي ڏهاڪي ۾ ان جي دفاعي قلعي کي ختم ڪرڻ کانپوءِ ديوار واري شهر جي هڪ شاخ جي طور تي سامهون آيو، جنهن کانپوءِ شهر جي توسيع ۽ شهريت جي ڪيترن ئي مرحلن مان گذريو. اهو جزيره نما عرب جو سڀ کان وڏو شهر آهي ۽ نجد جي علایقی جي اڀرندي حصي تي، النفود ريگستان جي مرڪز ۾ واقع آهي. هي شهر سمنڊ جي سطح کان سراسري طور تي 600 ميٽر (2,000 فوٽ) جي بلندي تي آهي، ۽ هر سال 50 لک سياح اچي ٿو، اهو دنيا ۾ 49هين سڀ کان وڌيڪ گهميل شهر ۽ وچ اوڀر ۾ ڇهين نمبر تي آهي. رياض ۾ سال 2022ع ۾ 70 لک ماڻهن جي آبادي هئي، ان کي سعودي عرب ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ آبادي وارو شهر، وچ اوڀر ۾ 3ھین نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ آبادي وارو شهر، ۽ ايشيا ۾ 38هين سڀ کان وڌيڪ آبادي وارو شهر آهي.

رياض الرياض
Al Olaya District Boulevard City Masmak Fort King Abdulaziz Historical Center King Abdullah Financial District Tahliah Street فائل:Heroes Gate Riyadh, Dec 2023.jpg Al Abtal Gate
مھر
Show map of Saudi Arabia Show map of Asia Show map of Earth Location of Riyadh within Saudi Arabia
جاگرافي بيهڪ: 24°38′N 46°43′E / 24.633°N 46.717°E / 24.633; 46.717 46°43′E / 24.633°N 46.717°E / 24.633; 46.717
Country	سعودي عرب
Province	Riyadh Province
Governorate	Riyadh Governorate
حڪومت
• مجلس	Riyadh Municipality
• Governor of Riyadh	Faisal bin Bandar Al Saud
• Mayor of Riyadh	Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Muqrin
پکيڙ
• ڪل	1,973 ڪ.م2 (762 ميل2)
بلندي	612 ميل (2,008 ft)
آبادي (2022)
• ڪل	7,009,100

رياض جي نالي سان هن شهر جو پهريون ذڪر سال 1590ع ۾ هڪ عرب تاريخ نويس ڪيو هو. سال 1737ع ۾ ديهام ابن داواس، جيڪو پاڙيسري منفوها مان هو، اچي آباد ٿيو ۽ شهر تي قبضو ڪري ورتو. ديهام شهر جي چوڌاري هڪ ديوار ٺاهي هئي، ۽ رياض نالي جو سڀ کان مشهور ماخذ هن دور جو آهي، جنهن جو حوالو اڳئين نخلستان جي شهرن ڏانهن آهي، جيڪي ابن داؤس جي ٺاهيل ديوار کان اڳ هئا. سال 1744ع ۾ محمد بن عبدالوهاب درعيہ جي امير محمد بن سعود سان اتحاد قائم ڪيو ۽ ديهام کان رياض کسي ورتو. تنهن هوندي به سندن رياست، جيڪا هاڻي پهرين سعودي رياست جي نالي سان مشهور آهي، سال 1818ع ۾ ختم ٿي وئي. ترڪي بن عبدالله 19هين صديءَ جي شروعات ۾ ٻي سعودي رياست جو بنياد وڌو ۽ سال 1825ع ۾ رياض کي پنهنجي گاديءَ جو هنڌ بڻايو. پر هن شهر تي سندس حڪومت کي گڏيل عثماني حڪومت۔راشدي اتحاد ٽوڙي ڇڏيو. آخرڪار، 20ھین صدي جي شروعات ۾ عبدالعزيز بن سعود، جيڪو اولهه ۾ صرف ابن سعود جي نالي سان مشهور آهي، سال 1902ع ۾ نجد جي پنهنجي اباڻي سلطنت کي واپس ورتو ۽ سال 1926ع ۾ حجاز جي آخري سعودي فتح سان پنهنجي حڪمراني کي مضبوط ڪيو ء بعد ۾ هن جو نالو رکيو. سيپٽمبر، 1932ع ۾ سعودي عرب جي بادشاهت رياض کي گاديءَ جو هنڌ بڻايو ويو. هي شهر سال 1938ع تائين حڪومت جو انتظامي مرڪز رهيو، جڏهن ابن سعود مربي محل ۾ منتقل ٿيو. سال 1950ع جي ڏهاڪي ۾، ڀتين کي ڊاهي ڇڏيو ويو ۽ رياض ميٽروپوليس ڀتين واري شهر جي هڪ شاخ جي طور تي وڌايو.

Riyadh (/riːˈjɑːd/, عربي ٻولي: الرياض, lit.: 'The Meadows' [ar.riˈjaːdˤ] Najdi pronunciation: [er.rɪˈjɑːðˤ]) is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia. It is also the capital of the Riyadh Province and the centre of the Riyadh Governorate. The current form of the metropolis emerged as an offshoot of the eponymous walled town following the dismantling of its defensive fortifications in the 1950s, after which the city underwent several phases of expansion and urbanization.

It is the largest city on the Arabian Peninsula, and is situated in the center of the an-Nafud desert, on the eastern part of the Najd plateau. The city sits at an average of 600 ميٽر (2٬000 ft) above sea level, and receives around 5 million tourists each year, making it the forty-ninth most visited city in the world and the 6th in the Middle East. Riyadh had a population of 7.0 million people in 2022, making it the most-populous city in Saudi Arabia, 3rd most populous in the Middle East, and the 38th most populous in Asia.

The first mention of the city by the name Riyadh was in 1590, by an Arab chronicler. In 1737, Deham Ibn Dawwas, who was from the neighboring Manfuha, settled in and took control of the city. Deham built a wall around the city, and the best-known source of the name Riyadh is from this period, thought to be referring to the earlier oasis towns that predated the wall built by Ibn Dawwas. In 1744, Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab formed an alliance with the Emir of Diriyah, Muhammad bin Saud, and they took Riyadh from Deham. However their state, now known as the First Saudi State, collapsed in 1818. Turki ibn Abdullah founded the Second Saudi State in the early 19th century and made Riyadh his capital in 1825. However, his reign over the city was disrupted by a joint Ottoman–Rashidi alliance. Finally, in the early 20th century, 'Abdulaziz ibn Saud, known in the west simply as Ibn Saud, retrieved his ancestral kingdom of Najd in 1902 and consolidated his rule by 1926 with the final Saudi conquest of Hejaz, subsequently naming his kingdom 'Saudi Arabia' in September 1932 with Riyadh as the capital. The town was the administrative center of the government until 1938, when Ibn Saud moved to the Murabba Palace. In the 1950s, the walls were dismantled and Riyadh metropolis outgrew as an offshoot of the walled town.

Riyadh is the political and administrative center of Saudi Arabia. The Consultative Assembly (also known as the Shura or Shura Council), the Council of Ministers, the King and the Supreme Judicial Council are all situated in the city. Alongside these four bodies that form the core of the legal system of Saudi Arabia, the headquarters of other major and minor governmental bodies are also located in Riyadh. The city hosts 114 foreign embassies, most of which are located in the Diplomatic Quarter in the western reaches of the city.

Riyadh also holds economic significance, as it contains the headquarters of many banks and major companies, such as the Saudi National Bank (SNB), Al-Rajhi Bank, SABIC, Almarai, STC, and Samba Financial Group. Highway 65, known locally as the King Fahd Road, runs through some of these important centers in the city, including the King Abdullah Financial District, one of the world's largest financial districts, the Faisaliyah Center and the Kingdom Center. Riyadh is one of the world's fastest-growing cities in population and is home to many expatriates.

The city is divided into 15 municipal districts, which are overseen by the Municipality of Riyadh (عربي ٻولي: أمانة الرياض) headed by the mayor; and the Royal Commission for Riyadh, which is chaired by the Governor of the Province, Faisal bin Bandar Al Saud. As of July 2020, the mayor is Faisal bin Abdulaziz bin Mohammed bin Ayyaf Al-Muqrin. Riyadh will host Expo 2030, becoming the second Arab city to host after Dubai in 2020.

رياض الرياض
Al Olaya District Boulevard City Masmak Fort King Abdulaziz Historical Center King Abdullah Financial District Tahliah Street فائل:Heroes Gate Riyadh, Dec 2023.jpg Al Abtal Gate
مھر
Country	سعودي عرب
Province	Riyadh Province
Governorate	Riyadh Governorate
حڪومت
• مجلس	Riyadh Municipality
• Governor of Riyadh	Faisal bin Bandar Al Saud ریاض حڪومت  • میئر فیصل بن عبدالعزیز المقرن  • گورنر منطقہ ریاض فیصل بن بندر السعود پکيڙ  • ڪل 1,300 ڪ.م2 (500 ميل2) بلندي 612 ميل (2,008 ft) آبادي (2010)  • ڪل 5,700,000

رياض سعودي عرب جي گاديءَ جو هنڌ ۽ سڀ کان وڏو شهر آهي، جيڪو نجد جي علائقي ۾ صوبي رياض ۾ واقع آهي. سال 2005ع ۾ ، سعودي حڪومت جي انگن اکرن موجب، رياض شهر جي آبادي 2,46,000 آهي، جيڪا سعودي عرب جي ڪل آبادي جو 20 فیصد آهي.