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驚

See also: 惊
驚 U+9A5A, 驚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9A5A
← 驙
[U+9A59]		CJK Unified Ideographs驛 →
[U+9A5B]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

驚 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+12, 22 strokes, cangjie input 廿大尸手火 (TKSQF), four-corner 48327, composition ⿱敬馬)

Descendants edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1446, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45013
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1970, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4576, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9A5A

Chinese edit

trad.驚
simp.惊*

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 驚
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (敬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蟼*kraː, *kreŋ, *kreŋʔ
憼*kaŋʔ, *kreŋʔ
驚*kreŋ
警*kreŋʔ
儆*kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs
璥*keŋʔ
檠*kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs
敬*kreŋs
擎*ɡreŋ
曔*ɡreŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreŋ) : phonetic 敬 (OC *kreŋs) + semantic 馬, as horses are skittish (easily startled).

Etymology 1 edit

Compare Old Khmer kreṅa (“to fear”), whence Khmer ក្រែង (kraeng, “to fear”), Thai เกรง (greeng, “to fear; to worry”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Within Chinese, cognate with 敬 (OC *kreŋs, “to be respectful; to warn”), 警 (OC *kreŋʔ, “to warn; to be on one's guard”) (Schuessler, 2007). A possible vocalic variant is 兢 (jīng, “to be cautious”).

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • geng1 - vernacular;
  • ging1 - literary.
Note:
  • giăng - vernacular;
  • gĭng - literary.
Note:
  • kiaⁿ - vernacular;
  • keⁿ/kiⁿ - vernacular (limited use, e.g. 驚蟄);
  • keng - literary.
Rime
Character驚
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)見 (28)
Final (韻)庚 (111)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie舉卿切
Baxterkjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/kˠiæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		/kᵚiaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		/kiaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/kiajŋ/
Li
Rong		/kiɐŋ/
Wang
Li		/kĭɐŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ki̯ɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		jīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		ging1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character驚
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		jīng
Middle
Chinese		‹ kjæng ›
Old
Chinese		/*kreŋ/
Englishbe afraid

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character驚
Reading #1/1
No.6877
Phonetic
component		敬
Rime
group		耕
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		驚
Old
Chinese		/*kreŋ/

Definitions edit

驚

  1. to fear; to be afraid
    驚咩啫？／惊咩啫？ [Cantonese]  ―  geng1 me1 ze1? [Jyutping]  ―  What are you afraid of? What is there to be afraid of?
  2. (of a horse etc.) to be startled; to be shy
  3. to frighten; to scare
  4. scary; frightening
  5. fearfully; I'm afraid that ...

Synonyms edit

  • (to fear):
Dialectal synonyms of 害怕 (“to fear; to be afraid of”) [map]
VarietyLocationWords
Classical Chinese懼, 畏, 恐, 怯, 驚, 惶, 悚, 懾, 恇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)害怕, 懼怕, 畏懼
MandarinBeijing害怕, 怕
Taiwan害怕, 怕
Harbin害怕, 發毛
Yantai (Muping)害怕, 怵
Jinan害怕, 怕, 打怵
Luoyang害怕, 怕
Wanrong驚
Xi'an害怕, 怕, 怯火
Yinchuan害怕, 嚇
Lanzhou害怕, 怯, 怯乎, 怯豁
Ürümqi害怕
Wuhan嚇不過, 怕
Chengdu害怕, 怕, 虛火, 虛
Guiyang害怕, 怕
Kunming害怕
Guilin怕
Liuzhou慌
Xuzhou嫌怕, 打怵
Yangzhou害怕, 怕, 怕懼, 懼乎
Nanjing嚇怕, 怕
Hefei怕
Malaysia怕
Singapore怕, 害怕
CantoneseGuangzhou驚, 怕, 慌, 窒
Hong Kong驚, 怕, 慌
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)狂
Macau驚
Guangzhou (Panyu)驚
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)慌
Guangzhou (Conghua)驚
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)好怕
Foshan驚, 窒
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)慌, 怕
Foshan (Shunde)慌
Foshan (Sanshui)慌
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)慌
Zhongshan (Shiqi)驚
Zhongshan (Huancheng)驚
Zhongshan (Nanlang)驚
Zhongshan (Xiaolan)慌
Zhongshan (Dongsheng)慌
Zhongshan (Tanbei)慌
Zhongshan (Henglan)慌
Zhongshan (Dongfeng)慌
Zhongshan (Nantou)慌
Zhongshan (Fusha)慌
Zhongshan (Shalang)慌
Zhongshan (Gangkou)慌
Zhongshan (Huangpu)慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Sanjiao)狂, 驚
Zhongshan (Langwang)慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Minzhong)慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Guzhen)𢗉
Zhongshan (Banfu)慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Tanzhou)慌, 驚
Zhuhai (Qianshan)驚
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)驚
Zhuhai (Doumen)驚
Jiangmen (Baisha)驚
Jiangmen (Xinhui)驚
Taishan𢗉
Kaiping (Chikan)𢗉
Enping (Niujiang)𢗉
Heshan (Yayao)慌
Dongguan狂
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)驚
Shaoguan驚, 窒
Yunfu怕, 驚
Yangjiang𢗉
Xinyi狂
Lianjiang驚
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)驚, 怕
Singapore (Guangfu)驚, 怕
GanNanchang怕
Lichuan怕
HakkaMeixian驚, 怕畏, 畏, 怕
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)狂
Dongguan (Qingxi)狂
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)好狂
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)驚
Wuhua (Huacheng)怕, 驚, 畏
Heyuan (Bendihua)驚
Wengyuan驚
Liannan驚
Conghua (Lütian)狂
Jiexi驚
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)驚
Changting怕
Wuping怕
Wuping (Yanqian)怕
Liancheng嚇
Ninghua怕
Ningdu怕
Tonggu (Sandu)怕
Ganzhou (Panlong)怕
Dayu怕
Miaoli (N. Sixian)驚
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)驚
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)驚
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)驚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)驚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)驚
Hong Kong狂, 驚
Mengshan (Xihe)怕
Luchuan狂
Sabah (Longchuan)狂
Senai (Huiyang)狂
Singkawang驚
HuizhouJixi怕, 嚇
JinTaiyuan害怕, 怕
Xinzhou著怕, 怕
Northern MinJian'ou驚, 怕, 怯, 畏
Jian'ou (Dikou)驚
Songxi驚
Zhenghe驚
Zhenghe (Zhenqian)驚
Jianyang驚
Jianyang (Huangkeng)畏
Wuyishan嚇
Pucheng (Shibei)嚇
Eastern MinFuzhou驚
Changle驚
Lianjiang驚
Fuqing驚
Pingtan驚
Yongtai驚
Minqing驚
Gutian驚
Pingnan驚
Luoyuan驚
Fu'an驚
Ningde驚
Xiapu驚
Zherong驚
Shouning驚
Zhouning驚
Fuding驚
Singapore (Fuqing)驚
Southern MinXiamen驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
Xiamen (Tong'an)驚
Quanzhou驚, 著驚, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
Jinjiang驚
Nan'an驚
Shishi驚
Hui'an驚
Anxi驚
Yongchun驚
Dehua驚
Zhangzhou驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 會攝, 掣
Zhangzhou (Longhai)驚
Zhangzhou (Changtai)驚
Hua'an驚
Nanjing驚
Pinghe驚
Zhangpu驚
Yunxiao驚
Zhao'an驚
Dongshan驚
Kaohsiung驚
Yilan驚
Changhua (Lukang)驚
Taichung驚
Taichung (Wuqi)驚惶
Tainan驚
Taitung驚
Hsinchu驚
Kinmen驚
Penghu (Magong)驚
Penang (Hokkien)驚
Singapore (Hokkien)驚
Manila (Hokkien)驚
Longyan嚇
Zhangping驚
Datian驚
Chaozhou驚, 畏
Raoping驚
Shantou驚
Jieyang驚, 畏
Haifeng驚
Johor Bahru (Teochew)驚
Singapore (Teochew)驚
Leizhou驚
Wenchang驚
Haikou驚
Qionghai驚
Singapore (Hainanese)驚
Puxian MinPutian驚
Xianyou驚
Central MinYong'an驚
Sanyuan驚
Shaxian驚
Zhongshan MinShaxi (Longdu)驚
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)狂, 怕
WuShanghai怕, 嚇
Shanghai (Chongming)嚇
Suzhou怕, 嚇
Danyang怕
Hangzhou怕, 嚇, 慌, 怕慌, 發毛
Ningbo怕, 嚇
Wenzhou怕, 嚇
Jinhua光
XiangChangsha怕, 畏怯
Loudi怕
Shuangfeng怕
  • (to frighten):

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (驚):
  • → Japanese: 驚(きょう) (kyō)
  • → Korean: 경(驚) (gyeong)
  • → Vietnamese: kinh (驚)

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from English game.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

驚

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, neologism) Alternative form of game. (Classifier: 隻／只 c)

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

驚

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. wonder
  2. be surprised
  3. frightened
  4. amazed

Readings edit

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

Korean edit

Hanja edit

驚 (eumhun 놀랄 경 (nollal gyeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 경 (“surprised, startled”).

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

驚: Hán Nôm readings: kinh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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