驛

Translingual edit

Traditional	驛
Shinjitai	駅
Simplified	驿

Han character edit

驛 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+13, 23 strokes, cangjie input 尸火田中十 (SFWLJ), four-corner 7634₁, composition ⿰馬睪)

Derived characters edit

㶠

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1446, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45030
Dae Jaweon: page 1971, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4579, character 19
Unihan data for U+9A5B

Chinese edit

trad.		驛
simp.		驿
alternative forms		𩦯

Wikipedia has articles on:

驛站 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Yam (route) (English)

Wikipedia has an article on:

驛牌

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 驛
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (睪) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
斁	ʔl'aːɡs, l'aːɡs, *laːɡ
籜	*l̥ʰaːɡ
蘀	*l̥ʰaːɡ
鐸	*l'aːɡ
凙	*l'aːɡ
襗	l'aːɡ, rlaːɡ, *laːɡ
擇	*rlaːɡ
澤	*rlaːɡ
鸅	*rlaːɡ
蠌	*rlaːɡ
檡	rlaːɡ, hljaɡ
釋	*hljaɡ
繹	*laːɡ
睪	neb, laːɡ, *kuː
譯	*laːɡ
嶧	*laːɡ
懌	*laːɡ
驛	*laːɡ
醳	*laːɡ
圛	*laːɡ
墿	*laːɡ
燡	*laːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː).

Etymology edit

Same word as 繹 (OC *laːɡ, “to unravel”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

Alternatively, Blažek and Schwarz (2017) suggest that this is perhaps a loan from a hypothetical Tocharian compound *klyælylyæ-yäkwæ (“standing of horses”), but this seems to be highly speculative.

The Taiwanese Hokkien sense is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 駅(えき) (eki).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jik⁶
(Taishan, Dictionary): yet⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yi̍t
(Meixian, Guangdong): yid⁶
Northern Min (KCR): ĭ
Eastern Min (BUC): iăh / ĭk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ia̍h / e̍k / ia̍k
(Teochew, Peng'im): iah⁸
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁸yiq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Yale: yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jik⁶
  - Yale: yihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Dictionary: yet⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jet̚³²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: id
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /it̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)id
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)it̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /it̚⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iăh / ĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iaʔ⁵/, /iʔ⁵/

Note:

iăh - vernacular;
ĭk - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍h
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iah
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iaʔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iaʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iaʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
  - Tâi-lô: i̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ek
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚²⁴/

Note:

ia̍h - vernacular;
e̍k/ia̍k - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: iah⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ia̍h
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /iaʔ⁴/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁸yiq
  - MiniDict: yih^入
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hhiq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiɪʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: yek

Rime
Character	驛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	清 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊益切
Baxter	yek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiajk̚/
Li Rong	/iɛk̚/
Wang Li	/jĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lAk/
(Zhengzhang): /*laːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	驛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ yek ›
Old Chinese	/*lAk/
English	post-horse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	驛
Reading #	1/1
No.	15141
Phonetic component	睪
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	繹
Old Chinese	/*laːɡ/

Definitions edit

驛

posthorse
relay station (for posting horses)
(Taiwanese Hokkien) train station, bus stop, or similar

Compounds edit

傳驛／传驿
古驛／古驿 (Gǔyì)
官塘驛／官塘驿 (Guāntángyì)
水郵山驛／水邮山驿
水驛／水驿
石橋驛／石桥驿 (Shíqiáoyì)
臨江驛／临江驿
辛安驛／辛安驿
郵驛／邮驿
鄭驛留賓／郑驿留宾
館驛／馆驿 (guǎnyì)
馬道驛／马道驿
馳驛／驰驿
駱驛／骆驿 (luòyì)
駱驛不絕／骆驿不绝
驛丞／驿丞
驛亭／驿亭
驛使／驿使 (yìshǐ)
驛傳／驿传
驛券／驿券
驛吏／驿吏
驛樓／驿楼
驛牌／驿牌
驛站／驿站 (yìzhàn)
驛遞／驿递
驛館／驿馆
驛馬／驿马 (yìmǎ)
驛馬沖／驿马冲 (Yìmǎchōng)
驛馬車／驿马车
驛驛／驿驿

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (驛):

→ Japanese: 駅(えき) (eki, “station”)
→ Korean: 역(驛) (yeok, “station”)

References edit

“驛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Shinjitai	駅
Kyūjitai	驛

Kanji edit

驛

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 駅)

Readings edit

Go-on: やく (yaku)
Kan-on: えき (eki)
Kun: うまや (umaya, 驛)

Kanji in this term
驛
えき Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Noun edit

驛(えき) • (eki)

Kyūjitai form of 駅: station (train, underground/subway)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

驛 (eum 역 (yeok))

Noun edit

驛 • (yeok) (hangeul 역)

Hanja form^? of 역 (“(railway, subway) station”).

Vietnamese edit

Hán tự edit

驛: Hán Nôm readings: dịch