警

Translingual edit

Han character edit

警 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+13 in traditional Chinese, 言+12 in simplified Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 20 strokes in traditional Chinese, 19 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 廿大卜一口 (TKYMR), four-corner 4860₁, composition ⿱敬言)

Derived characters edit

𫬺

Related characters edit

儆

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1183, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35989
Dae Jaweon: page 1645, character 30
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4017, character 4
Unihan data for U+8B66

Chinese edit

trad.		警
simp. ^#		警
2nd round simp.		⿰忄井

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 警
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (敬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蟼	kraː, kreŋ, *kreŋʔ
憼	kaŋʔ, kreŋʔ
驚	*kreŋ
警	*kreŋʔ
儆	kreŋʔ, ɡreŋs
璥	*keŋʔ
檠	kreŋʔ, ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs
敬	*kreŋs
擎	*ɡreŋ
曔	*ɡreŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreŋʔ) : phonetic 敬 (OC *kreŋs) + semantic 言 (“spoken language, speech”).

Etymology edit

Cognate with 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to scare”) (Schuessler, 2007); the sense "to be on guard" is the endoactive of 驚 (OC *kreŋ). See there for more.

儆 (OC *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs, “to warn; to guard against”) is the same word.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǐng (jing³)
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kín
Jin (Dictionary): jing²
Eastern Min (BUC): gīng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kèng / kéng
(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng⁶ / gêng²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵cin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǐng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐng
  - Wade–Giles: ching³
  - Yale: jǐng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiing
  - Palladius: цзин (czin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging²
  - Yale: gíng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kín
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin³
  - Sinological IPA: /kin³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Dictionary: jing²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕĩŋ⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
  - Tâi-lô: kìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng
  - Tâi-lô: kíng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: keang
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng⁶ / gêng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĕng / kéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ³⁵/, /keŋ⁵²/

Note: gêng2 - Jieyang, Chaoyang.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵cin
  - MiniDict: cin^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/

Middle Chinese: kjaengX

Rime
Character	警
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居影切
Baxter	kjaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ^X/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ^X/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kreŋʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*kreŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	警
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjaeng^X ›
Old Chinese	/*kreŋʔ/
English	warn, admonish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	警
Reading #	1/1
No.	6879
Phonetic component	敬
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	警
Old Chinese	/*kreŋʔ/

Definitions edit

警

to warn; to admonish
警告 ― jǐnggào ― to warn
to be on the alert; to be vigilant
警覺／警觉 ― jǐngjué ― vigilance
intuitive; sharp; alert
aphoristic; epigrammatic; witty
alarm; alert; siren
火警 ― huǒjǐng ― fire alarm
Short for 警察 (jǐngchá, “police”).
警車／警车 ― jǐngchē ― police car
交通警 [Cantonese] ― gaau¹ tung¹ ging² [Jyutping] ― traffic police

Compounds edit

交警 (jiāojǐng)
以一警百
保安警察
便衣警察
保警
公路警察
出警入蹕／出警入跸
刑事警察 (xíngshì jǐngchá)
刑警 (xíngjǐng)
刑警隊／刑警队
制服警察
劣化警報／劣化警报
司法警察 (sīfǎ jǐngchá)
告警
員警／员警 (yuánjǐng)
報警／报警 (bàojǐng)
女警 (nǚjǐng)
察警
專業警察／专业警察
崗警／岗警
懲一警百／惩一警百
拉警報／拉警报
振警愚頑／振警愚顽
撞警鐘／撞警钟
晏開之警／晏开之警
機警／机警 (jījǐng)
檢警合一／检警合一
武警 (wǔjǐng)
殲一警百／歼一警百
水上警察 (shuǐshàng jǐngchá)
法警 (fǎjǐng)
港警 (gǎngjǐng)
火警 (huǒjǐng)
煙火之警／烟火之警
特警 (tèjǐng)
犬吠之警
狗吠之警
獄警／狱警 (yùjǐng)
示警
祕密警察／秘密警察 (mìmì jǐngchá)
空氣警報／空气警报
空襲警報／空袭警报
經濟警察／经济警察
緊急警報／紧急警报
義勇警察／义勇警察
義警／义警
行政警察
觸目警心／触目警心
誅一警百／诛一警百
警世 (jǐngshì)
警世通言
警世鐘／警世钟
警候
警備／警备 (jǐngbèi)
警備區／警备区
警備森嚴／警备森严
警兆
警動／警动
警務／警务 (jǐngwù)
警務處／警务处
警勤區／警勤区
警句 (jǐngjù)
警告 (jǐnggào)
警告啟事／警告启事
警告牌
警員／警员 (jǐngyuán)
警報／警报 (jǐngbào)
警報器／警报器 (jǐngbàoqì)
警官 (jǐngguān)
警官學校／警官学校
警察 (jǐngchá)
警察制度
警察勤務／警察勤务
警察學／警察学
警察學校／警察学校
警察局 (jǐngchájú)
警察權／警察权
警察節／警察节
警局 (jǐngjú)
警心滌慮／警心涤虑
警惕 (jǐngtì)
警戒 (jǐngjiè)
警戒線／警戒线 (jǐngjièxiàn)
警戒色
警探 (jǐngtàn)
警政
警政署
警暴 (jǐngbào)
警枕
警校 (jǐngxiào)
警械
警標／警标
警犬 (jǐngquǎn)
警眾／警众
警示 (jǐngshì)
警笛 (jǐngdí)
警策
警網／警网
警號／警号
警衛／警卫 (jǐngwèi)
警覺／警觉 (jǐngjué)
警角
警訊／警讯 (jǐngxùn)
警語／警语
警蹕／警跸
警車／警车 (jǐngchē)
警巡 (jǐngxún)
警醒 (jǐngxǐng)
警鈴／警铃
警鐘／警钟 (jǐngzhōng)
警鴿／警鸽
警鼓
跑警報／跑警报
路警
軍事警察／军事警察
軍法警察／军法警察
軍警／军警
巡警 (xúnjǐng)
違警／违警
違警罰法／违警罚法
邊警／边警
鎮暴警察／镇暴警察
鐵路警察／铁路警察
門警／门警 (ménjǐng)
預警／预警 (yùjǐng)
颱風警報／台风警报
駐衛警察／驻卫警察
駐警／驻警
鶴警／鹤警

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

警

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
Kun: いましめる (imashimeru, 警める)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

警 (eumhun 경계할 경 (gyeonggyehal gyeong))

Hanja form^? of 경 (“guard, watch”).
Hanja form^? of 경 (“alert, alarm”).

Compounds edit

경계 (警戒, gyeonggye, “being alert; vigilant”)
경호 (警護, gyeongho, “bodyguard”)

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

警: Hán Nôm readings: cảnh

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