攪

Translingual edit

Traditional	攪
Shinjitai (extended)	撹
Simplified	搅

Han character edit

攪 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+20, 23 strokes, cangjie input 手竹月山 (QHBU), four-corner 5701₆, composition ⿰扌覺)

Related characters edit

撹 (Japanese extended shinjitai)
搅 (Simplified Chinese)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 465, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13041
Dae Jaweon: page 813, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1992, character 1
Unihan data for U+652A

Chinese edit

trad.		攪
simp.		搅

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 攪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (學) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
攪	*kruːʔ
覺	kruːɡs, kruːɡ
澩	ɡruːʔ, sɡruːɡ, *ɡruːɡ
斆	*ɡruːɡs
鱟	ɡoːɡs, quːɡ
嶨	kʰruːɡ, ɡruːɡ
礐	kʰruːɡ, ɡ·rɯːɡ, ɡoːɡ, ɡuːɡ
觷	ŋɡruːɡ, ɡruːɡ, *quːɡ
學	*ɡruːɡ
鷽	ɡruːɡ, qruːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 覺 (OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ).

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruk (“rouse; awaken; disturb”). Cognate with 學 (OC *ɡruːɡ, “to learn; to study”), 覺 (OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ, “to awaken”), Tibetan དཀྲོག (dkrog, “to agitate; to rouse”), Tibetan འཁྲུག་པ ('khrug pa, “to be disturbed; to quarrel”).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiǎo (jiao³)
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): káu / kiâu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiáu / ká / káu / kiauh
(Teochew, Peng'im): giou² / giao² / ga²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵kau; ⁵ciau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎo
  - Wade–Giles: chiao³
  - Yale: jyǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeau
  - Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaau²
  - Yale: gáau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gao²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːu̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: káu / kiâu
  - Hakka Romanization System: gau` / giau´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gau³ / giau¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kau̯³¹/, /ki̯au̯²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiáu
  - Tâi-lô: kiáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiao
  - IPA (Singapore): /kiau⁴²/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiau⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiau⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiau⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ká
  - Tâi-lô: ká
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kar
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ka⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ka⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káu
  - Tâi-lô: káu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kao
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kau⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kau⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiauh
  - Tâi-lô: kiauh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiauq
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiauʔ³²/

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
- kiáu, ká - vernacular;
- káu - literary.
Taiwan:
- kiáu - literary;
- ká - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: giou² / giao² / ga²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kióu / kiáu / ká
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiou⁵²/, /kiau⁵²/, /ka⁵²/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵kau; ⁵ciau
  - MiniDict: kau^去; ciau^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²kau; ²jiau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɔ³⁴/, /t͡ɕiɔ³⁴/

Note:

2kau - vernacular;
2jiau - literary.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 攪
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕiɑu²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕiau²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕiɑu¹³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕiau⁵³/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiau⁵³/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiɔ⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕiɔ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕiau⁴²/
	Chengdu	/kʰau³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕiao⁴²/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiɔo²¹²/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiɔ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕiau⁵³/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/kɔ²³/ /gɔ²³/
	Suzhou	/gæ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/gɔ¹³/
	Wenzhou	/kuɔ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiɔ³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/ko³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕiau⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕiaɯ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/kɑu²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/kau³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kɑu³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kau³⁵/
	Nanning	/kau³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kau³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kau⁵³/ /ka⁵³/ 亂～ /kiau⁵³/ ～鹽
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kieu³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kau²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kiau⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kiau²¹³/

Middle Chinese: kaewX

Rime
Character	攪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古巧切
Baxter	kaewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kau^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw^X/
Li Rong	/kau^X/
Wang Li	/kau^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kau^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤruʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*kruːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	攪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ kæw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁruʔ/
English	disturb
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	攪
Reading #	1/1
No.	14069
Phonetic component	學
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	絞
Old Chinese	/*kruːʔ/

Definitions edit

攪

to disturb; to annoy
to mix; to stir

Synonyms edit

(to disturb):

吵擾／吵扰 (chǎorǎo)
告擾／告扰 (gàorǎo) (formal, humble, polite)
困擾／困扰 (kùnrǎo)
干擾 (gānrǎo)
打亂／打乱 (dǎluàn)
打擾／打扰 (dǎrǎo)
打攪／打搅 (dǎjiǎo)
搗／捣 (dǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
擾亂／扰乱 (rǎoluàn)
攪亂／搅乱 (jiǎoluàn)
攪動／搅动 (jiǎodòng)
攪吵／搅吵 (Hokkien)
攪擾／搅扰 (jiǎorǎo)
梟亂／枭乱 (xiāoluàn) (literary)
殽亂／淆乱 (xiáoluàn) (literary)
煩／烦 (fán)
煩擾／烦扰 (fánrǎo)
糾紛／纠纷 (jiūfēn) (literary)
糾纏／纠缠 (jiūchán)
纏／缠 (chán)
纏擾／缠扰 (chánrǎo)
纏磨／缠磨 (chánmo) (colloquial)
纏繞／缠绕 (chánrào)
驚／惊 (jīng)
驚動／惊动 (jīngdòng)

(to mix):

拌和 (bànhuò)
攪拌／搅拌 (jiǎobàn)
攪混／搅混 (literal or figurative, regional)

Compounds edit

一攪果／一搅果
亂三攪四／乱三搅四
心如刀攪／心如刀搅
打攪／打搅 (dǎjiǎo)
拗彆攪炒／拗别搅炒
摧山攪海／摧山搅海
攪三攪四／搅三搅四
攪亂／搅乱 (jiǎoluàn)
攪來攪去／搅来搅去
攪動／搅动 (jiǎodòng)
攪和／搅和 (jiǎohuo)
攪家精／搅家精
攪局／搅局 (jiǎojú)
攪屎棍／搅屎棍 (jiǎoshǐgùn)
攪惱／搅恼
攪拌／搅拌 (jiǎobàn)
攪拌器／搅拌器 (jiǎobànqì)
攪拌機／搅拌机 (jiǎobànjī)
攪撒／搅撒
攪擾／搅扰 (jiǎorǎo)
攪散／搅散
攪海翻江／搅海翻江
攪混／搅混
攪渾／搅浑 (jiǎohún)
攪碎機／搅碎机
攪絲兒／搅丝儿
攪纏不來／搅缠不来
攪肚蛆腸／搅肚蛆肠
攪蛆扒／搅蛆扒
攪計／搅计
攪鬼／搅鬼
混攪／混搅
盤攪／盘搅
瞎攪／瞎搅
翻江攪海／翻江搅海
胡攪／胡搅 (hújiǎo)
胡攪蠻纏／胡搅蛮缠 (hújiǎománchán)

Etymology 2 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 攪 – see 搞 (“to do; to work in; to be engaged in; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 搞).

Japanese edit

Shinjitai (extended)	撹
Kyūjitai	攪

Kanji edit

攪

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 撹)

to disturb

Readings edit

Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←けう (keu, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: かく (kaku)
Kun: ほだてる (hodateru, 攪てる); みだす (midasu, 攪す)

Definitions edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 攪 – see the following entry.

【撹】H	[kanji] Hyōgaiji kanji [kanji] Extended shinjitai form of 攪: to disturb Kanji reading: きょう, こう, かく, ほだてる, みだす

(This term, 攪, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

攪 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

攪: Hán Nôm readings: giao

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References edit

Nom Foundation