武
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Translingual edit
Stroke order | |||
Han character edit
武 (Kangxi radical 77, 止+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一心卜中一 (MPYLM), four-corner 13140, composition ⿹弋一止 or ⿻一⿹弋止 or ⿻㱐㇂)
Derived characters edit
Descendants edit
- む (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 575, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16273
- Dae Jaweon: page 965, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1439, character 5
- Unihan data for U+6B66
Chinese edit
simp. and trad. | 武 |
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Glyph origin edit
Historical forms of the character 武 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 戈 (“blade”) + 止 (“foot; to walk; to stop”) – army going on an expedition. In the character 武, the 戈 component is written above the 止 component.
The graphical origin of 武 as “to stop violence” — the ultimate state of just warfare — is traditionally attributed to King Zhuang of Chu [597 BCE]:
- 楚子曰:「非爾所知也。夫文,止戈為武。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Chǔ Zǐ yuē: “Fēi ěr suǒ zhī yě. Fú wén, zhǐ gē wéi wǔ.” [Pinyin]
- Said Lord "Chǔ" (楚): “Not exactly as what you might have believed. The term itself means: stopping ("止") the blades ("戈") thus martiality ("武").”
楚子曰:「非尔所知也。夫文,止戈为武。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Linguistically, this was likely a misinterpretation, as 止 always means “to walk” (趾) when used as a radical, compare 步 (bù), 歷/历 (lì) and 歧 (qí).
Etymology edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-mak (“war, army, soldier”). Cognate with Tibetan དམག (dmag, “army”), Burmese မက် (mak) (as in ရဲမက် (rai:mak, “soldier”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Sagart, 2017d).
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
武
- military (related to warfare, fighting)
- martial arts; wushu
- valiant; brave; courageous
- 勇武 ― yǒngwǔ ― valiant; courageous
- soldier; warrior
- 玄武 ― Xuánwǔ ― Black Turtle (lit. "Black Warrior") (one of the Four Symbols among the constellations in Chinese astronomy)
- 夫死生同域,不可脅陵,勇武一人,為三軍雄。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Huainanzi, 2nd century BCE
- Fú sǐshēng tóng yù, bùkě xiélíng, yǒngwǔ yīrén, wéi sānjūn xióng. [Pinyin]
- One for whom death and life are the same territory, who cannot be threatened, such a single brave warrior is the hero of the Three Armies.
夫死生同域,不可胁陵,勇武一人,为三军雄。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- footstep; footprint
- Classifier for half steps.
- (obsolete) to inherit
- a surname
Compounds edit
- 一元大武
- 下武
- 不文不武
- 乃文乃武
- 乃武乃文
- 仁武 (Rénwǔ)
- 修文偃武
- 修武 (Xiūwǔ)
- 偃武修文
- 偃武興文/偃武兴文
- 允文允武
- 光武 (Guāngwǔ)
- 光武中興/光武中兴
- 克繩祖武/克绳祖武
- 全武行 (quánwǔháng)
- 努納武特/努纳武特 (Nǔnàwǔtè)
- 勇武 (yǒngwǔ)
- 動武/动武 (dòngwǔ)
- 勝之不武/胜之不武 (shèngzhībùwǔ)
- 化學武器/化学武器 (huàxué wǔqì)
- 化武 (huàwǔ)
- 右武
- 周武王
- 圓桌武士/圆桌武士
- 大武 (Dàwǔ)
- 大武壠族/大武垅族 (Dàwǔlóngzú)
- 太武山
- 太空武器
- 奮武揚威/奋武扬威
- 威武 (wēiwǔ)
- 威武不屈
- 孔武有力 (kǒngwǔyǒulì)
- 宮本武藏/宫本武藏
- 寒武系
- 寒武紀/寒武纪 (Hánwǔ Jì)
- 寧武/宁武 (Níngwǔ)
- 寧武關/宁武关 (Níngwǔguān)
- 尚武 (shàngwǔ)
- 常武
- 常規武器/常规武器 (chángguī wǔqì)
- 廣武/广武
- 廣武嘆/广武叹
- 弄文輕武/弄文轻武
- 我武維揚/我武维扬
- 才兼文武
- 捷武
- 揚威耀武/扬威耀武
- 攜手接武/携手接武
- 整軍經武/整军经武
- 文修武偃
- 文修武備/文修武备
- 文德武功
- 文恬武嬉
- 文東武西/文东武西
- 文武 (wénwǔ)
- 文武之道
- 文武全才
- 文武兼備/文武兼备
- 文武兼濟/文武兼济
- 文武兼資/文武兼资
- 文武場/文武场
- 文武挑兒/文武挑儿
- 文武百官 (wénwǔbǎiguān)
- 文武雙全/文武双全 (wénwǔshuāngquán)
- 文治武功 (wénzhìwǔgōng)
- 文經武略/文经武略
- 文經武緯/文经武纬
- 文韜武略/文韬武略
- 文韜武韜/文韬武韬
- 新廣武/新广武 (Xīnguǎngwǔ)
- 晁公武
- 晉武帝/晋武帝
- 朱洪武
- 材武
- 核子武器 (hézǐ wǔqì)
- 核武器 (héwǔqì)
- 梁武帝
- 棄文就武/弃文就武
- 棄武修文/弃武修文
- 棄武競文/弃武竞文
- 楊乃武/杨乃武
- 止戈為武/止戈为武 (zhǐgēwéiwǔ)
- 步武 (bùwǔ)
- 步武堂皇
- 武丁
- 武丑
- 武不善作
- 武事 (wǔshì)
- 武人 (wǔrén)
- 武仙座 (Wǔxiānzuò)
- 武俠/武侠 (wǔxiá)
- 武俠小說/武侠小说
- 武偃文修
- 武備/武备
- 武則天/武则天
- 武力 (wǔlì)
- 武功 (wǔgōng)
- 武功片
- 武勝關/武胜关 (Wǔshèngguān)
- 武南鐵路/武南铁路 (Wǔnántiělù)
- 武后
- 武員/武员
- 武器 (wǔqì)
- 武城弦歌
- 武場/武场 (wǔchǎng)
- 武壇/武坛
- 武士 (wǔshì)
- 武士刀 (wǔshìdāo)
- 武士道 (wǔshìdào)
- 武大郎
- 武夫 (wǔfū)
- 武夷山 (Wǔyíshān)
- 武威縣/武威县
- 武媚
- 武學/武学
- 武安 (Wǔ'ān)
- 武官 (wǔguān)
- 武家坡
- 武將/武将 (wǔjiàng)
- 武工 (wǔgōng)
- 武工隊/武工队
- 武師/武师
- 武庚
- 武庫/武库
- 武廟/武庙 (wǔmiào)
- 武弁
- 武德 (wǔdé)
- 武成王
- 武戲/武戏
- 武打 (wǔdǎ)
- 武把子
- 武斷/武断 (wǔduàn)
- 武旦 (wǔdàn)
- 武昌 (Wǔchāng)
- 武昌剩竹
- 武昌市
- 武昌起義/武昌起义 (Wǔchāng Qǐyì)
- 武曲星
- 武會/武会
- 武林 (wǔlín)
- 武松
- 武林舊事/武林旧事
- 武清 (Wǔqīng)
- 武漢/武汉 (Wǔhàn)
- 武漢三鎮/武汉三镇
- 武火 (wǔhuǒ)
- 武生
- 武當山/武当山 (Wǔdāng Shān)
- 武當派/武当派
- 武科
- 武穴 (Wǔxué)
- 武聖/武圣 (Wǔshèng)
- 武職/武职 (wǔzhí)
- 武舉/武举 (wǔjǔ)
- 武英殿
- 武藝/武艺 (wǔyì)
- 武行
- 武術/武术 (wǔshù)
- 武術指導/武术指导
- 武衛/武卫
- 武裝/武装 (wǔzhuāng)
- 武裝中立/武装中立
- 武裝力量/武装力量 (wǔzhuāng lìliàng)
- 武裝警察/武装警察 (wǔzhuāngjǐngchá)
- 武裝部隊/武装部队 (wǔzhuāng bùduì)
- 武訓/武训
- 武警 (wǔjǐng)
- 武象
- 武進士/武进士
- 武道 (wǔdào)
- 武陟 (Wǔzhì)
- 武陵 (Wǔlíng)
- 武陵源
- 武鬥/武斗 (wǔdòu)
- 殷武
- 比武 (bǐwǔ)
- 比武招親/比武招亲
- 泰武 (Tàiwǔ)
- 洪武 (Hóngwǔ)
- 洪武正韻/洪武正韵
- 湯武/汤武 (Tāng-Wǔ)
- 湯武革命/汤武革命
- 漢光武帝/汉光武帝
- 滿朝文武/满朝文武
- 演武 (yǎnwǔ)
- 演武修文
- 漢武帝/汉武帝 (Hàn Wǔ Dì)
- 演武廳/演武厅
- 漢武故事/汉武故事
- 玄武 (Xuánwǔ)
- 玄武岩 (xuánwǔyán)
- 玄武湖
- 玄武門/玄武门
- 生物武器 (shēngwù wǔqì)
- 用武 (yòngwǔ)
- 用武之地
- 百武彗星
- 真武大帝 (Zhēnwǔ Dàdì)
- 真武山 (Zhēnwǔshān)
- 祖武
- 神武 (shénwǔ)
- 窮兵極武/穷兵极武
- 窮兵黷武/穷兵黩武 (qióngbīngdúwǔ)
- 竇武/窦武
- 細菌武器/细菌武器
- 經文緯武/经文纬武
- 經武/经武
- 經武緯文/经武纬文
- 練武/练武 (liànwǔ)
- 緯武經文/纬武经文
- 繩其祖武/绳其祖武
- 繩厥祖武/绳厥祖武
- 繼武/继武
- 習武/习武 (xíwǔ)
- 耀武揚威/耀武扬威 (yàowǔ yángwēi)
- 聖武/圣武
- 能文善武
- 興文匽武/兴文匽武
- 舉武揚威/举武扬威
- 英武 (yīngwǔ)
- 蘇武/苏武
- 蘇武牧羊/苏武牧羊
- 覿武/觌武
- 謀臣武將/谋臣武将 (móuchén wǔjiàng)
- 講武/讲武
- 貝奧武夫/贝奥武夫 (Bèi'àowǔfū)
- 赳赳武夫 (jiūjiūwǔfū)
- 趙武/赵武
- 趙武靈王/赵武灵王
- 踵武
- 較武論文/较武论文
- 輕武器/轻武器
- 重文輕武/重文轻武
- 重武器
- 鐵甲武士/铁甲武士
- 限武協定/限武协定
- 限武談判/限武谈判
- 陳武帝/陈武帝
- 雄武
- 靈武/灵武 (Língwǔ)
- 靈武縣/灵武县
- 非核武區/非核武区
- 韜戈偃武/韬戈偃武
- 顧炎武/顾炎武
- 飆武/飙武
- 鬥武/斗武
- 魏道武帝
- 黷武/黩武 (dúwǔ)
- 黷武窮兵/黩武穷兵
Descendants edit
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
- Go-on: む (mu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ぶ (bu, Jōyō)
- Kun: たけ (take); たけし (takeshi, 武し)
- Nanori: う (u); お (o); たけし (takeshi); たける (takeru); たけん (taken); ん (n)
Compounds edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
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武 |
む Grade: 5 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 武 (mjuX, “military”).
The goon reading of mu, so likely the initial borrowing.
Pronunciation edit
Affix edit
Usage notes edit
Only found in compounds. Not as common as the bu reading.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
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武 |
ぶ Grade: 5 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 武 (mjuX, “military”).
The kan'on reading of bu, so likely a re-borrowing at a later stage of Middle Chinese, or from a dialectal variation in Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- courage, ferocity, valor
- military power, force of arms
- the act of carrying out military force: a battle, a war
- the way of carrying out military force: strategy, tactics, martial arts
- a military person: an officer, a soldier
- (obsolete) a unit of length, equivalent to half of a 歩 (bu, six 尺 (shaku), roughly six feet or 1.8 meters), roughly equivalent to one yard or 90 centimeters
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- 武威 (bui): military power, military authority, military influence over something
- 武運 (būn): military fortune, luck in battle
- 武衛 (buei): a bodyguard to an imperial prince; a shogun, a generalissimo
- 武恩 (buon): a favor received from a shogun or samurai family
- 武火 (buka): a fierce fire, a raging fire
- 武学 (bugaku): military studies
- 武官 (bukan): a military officer
- 武漢 (Bukan): Wuhan, China
- 武鑑 (bukan): in the Edo period, a registry listing all the samurai families by name, 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), income, castles or other residences, and the names of any followers
- 武器 (buki): a weapon
- 武技 (bugi): martial technique: martial arts
- 武家 (buke): a samurai family; the samurai class
- 武芸 (bugei): military arts, military accomplishments
- 武具 (bugu): military gear: more specifically, weapons and armor
- 武勲 (bukun): distinguished military service
- 武庫 (buko): an armory, a storage facility for military gear
- 武功 (bukō): military feats or exploits
- 武江 (Bukō): alternate name for 江戸 (Edo)
- 武骨 (bukotsu): clumsy, rude, oafish; useless, stupid; inconvenient; stiff and angular (of personality)
- 武左 (buza): boorish, hickish
- 武士 (bushi): a warrior, a samurai
- 武事 (buji): military matters
- 武術 (bujutsu): martial arts
- 武昌 (Bushō): Wuchang, China
- 武神 (bushin): a god of war
- 武臣 (bushin): a military minister, a minister of military affairs
- 武人 (bujin): a warrior, a soldier
Etymology 3 edit
Ateji used in various names.
Proper noun edit
- a male given name
- a male given name
References edit
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean edit
Hanja edit
- Hanja form? of 무 (“military nobility; soldier, warrior; weaponry, weapons”).
- Hanja form? of 무 (“courage, honor”).
- Hanja form? of 무 (“martial arts, wushu; to demonstrate military force: strategy, tactics, martial arts”).
Compounds edit
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
- martial arts
- (compounds) violence
- chữ Hán form of Võ (“a surname”).
- 武元甲 ― Võ Nguyên Giáp
- chữ Hán form of Vũ (“a surname”).
- 武重鳳 ― Vũ Trọng Phụng